In the technical jargon of the financial world, generally states that introduce their currency as an official means of payment without the consent of the responsible central bank. – In Europe, those countries that officially use the EUR in their economic territory without the consent of the ECB. These are currently (2013) Andorra, Kosovo, and Montenegro. – See accession, unilateral, European Monetary Union.
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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
E-mail address: info@ekrah.com
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ernst_Merk
https://www.jung-stilling-gesellschaft.de/merk/
https://www.gerhardmerk.de/