International Organization of Pension Supervisors (IOPS)

An institution founded in the summer of 2004 with the aim of setting uniform standards at the international level in the area of supervision of occupational pension institutions. The IOPS is headquartered in Paris, France – see balance sheet, holistic, pension funds. – See BaFin Annual Report 2009, p. 35 (allocation of IOPS), BaFin Annual Report 2010, p. (ongoing work of IOPS), BaFin Annual Report 2011, p, 93 ff. (fundamental and current supervisory issues; IOPS standards), and the respective BaFin Annual Report.

Montenegro problem (Montenegro trouble): Montenegro, formerly a constituent state of Yugoslavia, gradually broke away from Serbia and, without consulting the EU, unilaterally introduced the EUR as its currency in 2002, primarily to decouple itself from the inflationary Serbian currency (the RSD [Serbian dinar]). Montenegro (about 650,000 inhabitants, capital Podgorica, until 1992: Titograd) became independent in 2006 and signed an association agreement with the EU in the same year. Within the EU and also on the part of the ECB, there were strong reservations about Montenegro’s accession to the EU, because the country, which does not meet the accession criteria by far – also, among many other problems: Corruption, money laundering, cigarette smuggling -, would be part of the euro area with the introduction of the EUR as its currency. – See accession, unilateral, unauthorized.

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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
E-mail address: info@ekrah.com
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Ernst_Merk
https://www.jung-stilling-gesellschaft.de/merk/
https://www.gerhardmerk.de/