Macroeconomics

The euro’s effective exchange rate (EER) is an index of its external value against a selected basket of partner-country currencies. Exchange-rate movements are weighted according to …

The elderly dependency ratio is a demographic indicator of the relative size of the older population compared with the conventional working-age population. It is calculated by …

European Commission surveys are recurring, standardised questionnaires used to gauge sentiment among firms and households in EU Member States. Separate questionnaires are directed at enterprises in …