Illegal transactions related to payment by card. This also includes fraudulent copying and swapping – the real card is retained and a deceptively similar card is returned to the customer – occasionally in connection with a payment in stores and service stations. The ECB regularly publishes statistics on fraud, which are available on the ECB’s website. As online commerce grows, so does the extent of card fraud. In 2012, EUR 1 in every EUR 2,635 was lost to this type of fraud. Card-not-present (CNP) transactions accounted for around sixty percent of this loss. In this case, payment is made without the physical presentation of a card – usually via the Internet. France, England and Luxembourg recorded the highest fraud-related losses in relation to the usual transactions. – It should be noted, however, that the statistics published by the ECB only include those cases in which charges were filed. – See Card Validation Code, computer payment, counterfeit card, confiscation, European Retail Payments Security Forum, card authentication, phishing, skimming, avenging angel. – See ECB Monthly Bulletin, January 2012, p. 92 (defining skimming in note 92).
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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
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