Certificate for an amount that is to be repaid shortly. Until the 19th century, this form of promise of payment was particularly widespread in commercial dealings between trusted business partners; it has become very rare today. – In its legal nature, the hand certificate is an abstract promise of debt (bare acknowledgement of debt), i.e. a contract in which a payment is promised in such a way that the promise independently establishes the claim. – In ancient legal terminology, also generally a copy of a document bearing a personal signature (chirographum). – See idiograph, promesse.
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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
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