Movements as a chain reaction on the stock exchange or on the financial market as a whole, triggered by – unusual price changes of a single security, – a specific market segment, – the difficulties of large companies, banks and funds, or – sudden negative expectations that occur or break through, which then spread rather quickly to other assets. Securities are then hastily sold off, investors withdraw; capital management companies have to sell positions, which thus depresses prices even more. As a rule, the term is associated with a bear market. – When a speculative bubble in particular bursts, disappointed small investors around the world rush to get out of their investments. They have to do this because they have put their savings into the business and, in addition, in many cases have taken out loans to buy the respective position from the banks. Experience shows, however, that assets which have not suffered any loss in value up to that point are also sold off immediately in order to close out the accounts. In this way, a long chain reaction can be triggered with transmission effects on very many submarkets. – If only a single (large) bank is in distress during a general crisis, it may – restrict lending: customer liquidity is thus weakened and payment stagnation occurs, – sell assets: asset prices fall as a result, worsening the balance sheet of other institutions, or – strengthen its equity base by issuing new shares: this dilution triggers a downward spiral in share prices. – In each of the three cases, a chain reaction is triggered. – See bear market, bubble, speculative, stock market crash, crash, currency swing, depression, euphoria phase, financial market interdependence, financial market shock, headline hysteria, herd behavior, crisis, systemic, massive selling, Murphy’s law, panic selling, run, rush to the exit, stress test, subprime crisis, confidence, volatility, foreshadow effects. – Cf. ECB Monthly Bulletin, July 2003, pp. 18 ff.
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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
E-mail address: info@ekrah.com
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