A term that emerged around 2009 to describe an economy – with very high national debt, which amounted to 211 percent in Japan in mid-2014, – with a rapidly aging resident population and – simultaneously high life expectancy, which was 82.5 years in Japan in 2009, and – with only sparse immigration; Japan attaches great importance to its ethnic homogeneity and does not see itself as a country of immigration; at the beginning of 2013, the proportion of immigrants was around 1.6 percent of the resident population of roughly 128 million people. – See age dependency ratio, aging effect. – Cf. ECB Monthly Bulletin, February 2012, p. 87 ff (economic stagnation phase in Japan).
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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
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