Accounts in USD held outside the United States, primarily in Europe, and here again especially in London and Zurich (any holding of USD outside the jurisdiction of the United States and used chiefly as an international currency to finance trade). These deposits usually bear somewhat lower interest rates than corresponding investments with a bank in the United States because they involve a certain risk. This is because, in the event of bankruptcy of the foreign bank holding the account, no U.S. fire fund is usually liable for these deposits. – At the beginning of 2011, around USD 500 bn was held in cash outside the USA. Book money holdings in USD totaled about 3.5 trillion at the same time. They were thus higher than central banks’ USD-denominated foreign exchange reserves of USD 2.5 trillion. – See counterfeiting, reserve currency, offshore booking, TED spread.
Euro-Evidenz (European evidence): This refers to either the EuroEvidenz network or the Central Credit Register; both are confused in many publications.
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