English

A term that emerged around 2009 for a bank that – is of considerable size, – is of crucial importance to the global financial system and is therefore – almost impossible to replace. –…

Informal dialog forum established in 1999, in which the finance ministers and central bank governors of important countries are represented. The focus is on discussing all issues affecting the financial sector that arise in…

Abbreviation for government-to-business. This refers to payments made by the government to companies – in return for goods and services supplied by companies to public sector entities or – as a subsidy. Attention: The…

Abbreviation for government-to-consumers. This refers to payments by the government to private households (transfers). Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University…

Abbreviation for government-to-government. This refers to payments made by a public body, such as in Germany by the federal government (government of the federal republic) to the federal states (Länder) in the course of…

Even if the long-term profit outlook in a company is very good, a series of consecutive unexpected losses can still lead to bankruptcy (an unfavorable sequence of unexpected losses could lead to bankruptcy, although…

Even if the long-term profit outlook in a company is very good, a series of consecutive unexpected losses can still lead to bankruptcy (an unfavorable sequence of unexpected losses could lead to bankruptcy, although…

In stock markets, the fact that investors are inclined to reinvest their effortless, almost gambling profits – in contrast to hard-earned savings – with a willingness to take risks. This leads to the fact…

A room or facility in which gambling is practiced. – In Germany, the operation of a casino requires a license and is subject to state supervision. Section 14 of the German Money Laundering Act…

A room or facility in which gambling is practiced. – In Germany, the operation of a casino requires a license and is subject to state supervision. Section 14 of the German Money Laundering Act…

In the financial market, the difference between the price of a security at the beginning of a session on the stock exchange (opening quotation) and the closing quotation from the previous day. – See…

At banks, the forward-looking comparison of inflows and outflows of cash and cash equivalents over a certain period of time (liquidity risk stress test). This results in the amount of liquidity to be held…

A court-ordered authorization to shift an employee’s salary entirely or partially to a creditor. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University…

Account held at an institution in which a debtor can participate in non-cash payment transactions and dispose of the unseizable portion of his income. Such accounts have been introduced in Germany since July 2010.…

Observed as a significant cost component for many companies and households by central banks and, in particular, by the ECB under the two-pillar principle. – See oil price, oil price shock, electricity price. –…

In a bank – and more generally in a company – an employee who selects messages intended for the public and forwards them to the appropriate channels (an employee who decides whether an information…

The ratio of net debt – i.e. long-term financial debt less cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities – to a company’s equity (the ratio of net debt to equity, also called financial leverage).…

From the history of money, money psychology and linguistics according to meaning and origin examined expressions for money, as they in the linguistic usage – of the German as a whole and/or in individual…

In youth language, an exemplary and very tasty hamburger (= soft roll [bun] with various toppings, as in the basic offer especially in fast-food restaurants), which could serve as currency, so to speak (a…

Controversial term in German as a plural form of money. Linguists pointed out that money is already according to definition a plural term, the expression “Gelder” is therefore logically a misnomer (faux-pas word). In…

An unappealing, disagreeable man, attractive to women merely for the reason that he is rich. In the case of women, this is referred to as money hen or money glucke (money hen). – See…

In youth language, a usually chicly dressed schoolmate or fellow student who openly flaunts his background from a rich parental home (a fashion-conscious, always well-dressed schoolmate or fellow student who shows off a rich…

Disparaging expression, mainly used in social administration circles, for – a female person, – who makes no effort whatsoever to shape her own life, – but only waits to get pregnant by some man…

A flooding with money; in old documents for the term that first appeared for this matter around 1865. Inflation. – See money oversupply, Larghezza, liquidity trap, low interest rate policy, Attention: The financial encyclopedia…

A term that entered the German language from English around 1990 for an unusual place where a person’s money and valuables are collected and kept (metaphorical representative for the place where money and valuables…

In German fairy tales, a mysterious being who has the power to conjure up coins of precious metal. In money psychology, the money man is considered a personification, a figurative embodiment of the desire…

Derogatory term for a younger female partner of a young man who has mental and character deficiencies and seeks to compensate for them by imprudently buying goods for her friend in order to please…

A payment in cash for the fact that travelers were accompanied by armed men for protection when crossing a district. – Originating from the time of club law (rule of force), this tax, often…

In insurance, the calculation of the premium depending on the gender of the policyholder. In March 2011, the European Court of Justice in Luxembourg ruled that taking gender into account as a risk factor…

Assets that can be traded at any time as collateral in repo transactions. They are settled on alternative trading platforms involving a central counterparty (CCP). The share of repo transactions executed through CCPs increased…

One of the decision-making bodies of the ECB, composed of the President and Vice-President of the ECB and the central bank governors of all EU member states. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by…

Either traditionally – a book as a collection of sheets of paper with a binding and a cover, or more recently – a file as a set of appropriately ordered entries on a data…

Whoever assumes risks, – must have an equally good risk management as the one who has passed on the risks and – should be able to bear losses from the positions at least as…

Trading range on Deutsche Börse with the statutory reporting requirements. – See first-class values. – Cf. 2002 Annual Report of the Deutsche Bundesbank, p. 51. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and…

Fee paid to the general-average adjuster, also known as the average adjuster (not dispatcher, because in the transportation industry this refers to an operations manager, vehicle dispatcher): a freelance specialist who records, evaluates and…

Unless otherwise defined, a capital management company that does not focus its investment policy on specific market segments, as a specialist does, but acquires investments across all branches. – See special funds. Attention: The…

U.S. accounting standards (as the body of authoritative rules for measuring profit and preparing financial statements that are included in financial reports by a business to its outside shareowners and lenders). They are mandatory…

People who grew up with computers and in front of computers from about 1980 onward, and for whom electronic banking is therefore a matter of course, in contrast to their parents’ generation – “Generation…

In the field of monetary policy, this refers to an informal – i.e. not contractually sealed – agreement between the central bank and the banks (an arrangement between banks and the central bank based…

A detailed breakdown – such as age, marital status, income, assets, home ownership, investments – of potential bank customers in a geographical area. This is particularly important for the choice of location and for…

In older documents, the payment to a gerhab (legal guardian) as the legal representative of a minor. – Gerhab from Latin GERERE, here: to administer something, as in Gerant = administrator, manager; hab= from…

In business journalism, the year 2008, when – Dresdner Bank, which dates back to 1872, and its approximately 900 branches were merged into Commerzbank and – Deutsche Bank acquired a majority stake in Postbank.…

A legal regulation that came into force in 2013. It contains regulations on what individual information the annual reports of investment funds must contain and how assets are to be valued. It also stipulates…

Securities issued in Germany since 1969 by the Federal Government for private investors with a term of six (type A) or seven (type B) years and a nominal amount of EUR 50 or more.…

The Federal Republic of Germany Finance Agency GmbH offers standard and special securities to investors around the world. – The standard products denominated in EUR, which are generally issued via an auction procedure, include…

The Basel-II set of rules specifically adapted to German law. Correspondingly, one speaks of Swiss Finish, Dutch Finish, etc. – See Goldplating, IFRS dialects, set of rules, uniform. – Cf. Deutsche Bundesbank Annual Report…

Act that came into force in August 2013 Law with the main objective of protecting customer deposits as well as avoiding disincentives for institutions that feel secure in a tacit government guarantee. – See…

Earlier payment to discharge the obligation of spinning (spinning; the making of yarn from fibers such as hair, nettle, flax, hemp) for the lordship. – See soccage release pay, soccage money, yarn collection advance.…

The liability of public-sector budgets – municipalities, districts, federal states – for their savings banks and Landesbanken, which existed in Germany until July 2005 and was then abolished on the instructions of the EU…

The – execution of financial transactions – within an ethnic group (foreign workers, immigrants, ethnic minorities as Roma), – which lives with largely its own culture and language in the midst of a larger…

The growth of a bank and generally of a firm, expressed in turnover figures, is independent of the size of the firm (the size of a firm and its growth rate are independent). –…

The fact that a central bank policy aimed at increasing the money supply not only raises the overall price level, but may also cause the interest rate to rise. It is true that an…

In old documents, a payment for a medical opinion (the fee for a medical expertise); gichten = here: to appraise. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for…

In Germany, again and again – and by whom even! – The demand that a single institution, spread across the whole of Germany and, if possible, operating globally, should replace the current banking landscape…

Acronym that emerged after 2010, especially among financial journalists, to describe eurozone members Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, which have strayed far from the targets (performance targets) of the Stability and Growth Pact.…

Old tax in kind – usually the tithe in field crops – which was to be delivered to the landlord as a debt in kind in always the same amount. This obligation to deliver…

First-class, gilt-edged securities (securities and bonds of the highest rating or quality). – Long-term British government bonds. – See blue chips, first-class securities, gerhabgeld, gilt, laxament, lombard, ward security, annuity bond, cash equivalent. Attention:…

Method frequently used in the calculation of counterparty default risk. This index is generally a statistical measure of the distributional equality of a mass, developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini, 18841965. The value…

Barriers to European financial market integration enumerated and described in detail by a working group of financial experts chaired by Alberto Giovanni in two reports in 2001 and 2003. – See Supervision, European, Cassis…

Transfer in cashless payment transactions (cashless transferring money within the financial institutions). – The transfer of an order paper – such as a bill of exchange, check, promissory bill – by endorsement. The person…

The execution of cashless payment and clearing transactions. In Germany, such activities require a license and are subject to supervision by the supervisory authority. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may…

In Germany, initially associations of municipal savings banks and administrations on a public basis. The original task was to maintain the municipal cash clearing and transfer system (giro; Giro). Since then, the Girozentralen have…

All valid means of payment other than coins or banknotes. – See book money. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University…

In the older literature, for liabilities of a customer arising from endorsed bills. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor…

An innovative payment procedure in Internet commerce in which the customer is taken directly from the Internet merchant’s checkout to the online portal of his or her bank. Immediately after the transfer is executed,…

A seller’s pricing of an asset at an unusually low price, such as penny stocks or the opening price at auctions, with the express intention of attracting as many bidders as possible. – Conspicuously…

A seller’s pricing of an asset at an unusually low price, such as penny stocks or the opening price at auctions, with the express intention of attracting as many bidders as possible. – Conspicuously…

Stocks and other securities (cats and dogs) offered with considerable advertising effort, mainly to private investors by dubious companies and usually from offshore financial centers, which are – either to be assessed as worthless…

Regulation introduced in the USA in 1933, according to which all banks operating in the USA may either engage in the deposit business (commercial banks) or in the securities business (investment banks, also known…

Formerly a gratuity to the workmen involved in the construction of a house on the occasion of the Gleichenfest (topping-out ceremony); gleichen = here: to bring the roof beams into a flush, level, balanced…

A loan that can be drawn down – by a customer of the bank, usually a company or a public body – in installments up to the specified maximum line (ceiling) – within a…

The world’s largest special fund relating to international environmental agreements and conventions. Founded in 1991 as a pilot project of the World Bank, the fund has been an independent organization since 1994. It is…

A hedge fund strategy that bases its holdings – such as long and short positions in various equity, fixed income, currency, and futures markets – chiefly on overall economic and political views of various…

In relation to banks, a globally active An institution that operates in more than one country in a leading position, especially in international bond issuance, derivatives business and hedge fund sales. – In 2006,…

Pledge proposed by the International Monetary Fund in 2010 in view of the aftermath of the subprime crisis to provide unconditional assistance to countries experiencing liquidity difficulties in order to avoid contagion effects at…

Pledge proposed by the International Monetary Fund in 2010 in view of the aftermath of the subprime crisis to provide unconditional assistance to countries experiencing liquidity difficulties in order to avoid contagion effects at…

In general, the increasing interdependence of economic activity and the associated exchange of goods throughout the world. The aim is for everyone – as is already the case today within a national economy on…

The supply of and demand for loans are increasingly spilling over from domestic markets and becoming internationalized. Between 1990 and 2000 alone, the worldwide flow of capital increased fourfold (to USD 7.5 trillion). This…

The closer integration of the world’s goods markets has so far led to greater competitive pressure. The inevitable deregulation of markets (the removal or simplification of government rules and regulations that hamper the operation…

Name of the world currency proposed by some authors, which can probably only be introduced in a few hundred years. Many assume that such a money will consist only of coins made of precious…

Earlier term for – a customary payment on special occasions, such as the local custom in some places of the godfather of a baptizand presenting a gift of money to the clergyman, or –…

In financial market terms, an oversupply of securities; an accumulation of issues that currently far exceeds the absorptive capacity of investors. – See squeeze, market, oversold. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright…

First in England, then beyond, an unfriendly term for the banks in Switzerland as a whole and in Basel, Zurich, Lausanne and Geneva in particular. It is assumed that through dishonest cunning (machinations), the…

In the financial sector, this refers to a – new product, – with which a bank or insurance company enters the market, – after the appropriate marketing policy has been defined in advance, i.e.…

A fund that trades heavily and predominantly in high-return, high-risk investments. According to its articles of association, a fund’s business policy is geared exclusively or predominantly to highly speculative investments of all kinds. Transactions…

In the past, a godfather (a man who becomes sponsor for a child at baptism) gave a gift of money to the godchild at the child’s birth or on later occasions such as first…

In former times a gift, which the godfather or godmother – on the occasion of the administration of the respective sacrament or – in a broader sense also on other occasions – such as…

In the spring of 2014, this was the name given to a Chinese bond issued in Frankfurt/Main in the Chinese currency yuan. The issuer is the Bank of China. The advantage is that European…

In older documents, a non-Jewish, especially a Christian, market participant or contracting partner among Jewish businessmen (a disrespectful term among Jews for a trading partner who is not a Jew). – See Mauschel. Attention:…

When valuing the assets and liabilities of a company, it must be assumed that it will continue to operate for an indefinite period of time (that the company operates without the intention or threat…

The withdrawal of a company from the stock exchange by buying back its shares. – See Delisting. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without…

Throughout history, the precious metal gold has played a prominent role in human society. This is because it is an object that retains its value continuously, through the ages: that contains its quality and…

In older literature, the ratio of the central bank’s gold holdings to currency in circulation. – Today, it usually refers to the share of gold in currency reserves, i.e. not in currency in circulation.…

A measuring device used by merchants until the 19th century to check the weight of coins offered for payment in trade, instead of and sometimes alongside the old money stones. Traveling merchants usually wore…

In jargon, someone who – prefers gold to all other investment items because the precious metal carries its value in itself, i.e. is not based on a contractual relationship of any kind (an informal…

A document that certifies in appropriate form that the holder is in possession of a specific amount of gold (a written testimonial verifying to a person’s ownership of a specific amount of gold). –…

Apparently widespread deception described in older mining literature. Miners fraudulently placed granulated gold, silver or other metals in a dead lode (a not metal-containing mine tunnel). They then invited potential investors to visit the…

Insofar as units of account were expressed in gold denominations – such as: gold francs – these are now linked to the Special Drawing Right, i.e. – to a basket of currencies, – which…

Unless otherwise defined, the price of one gram of gold or – which is ultimately the same – the value carried by one gram of gold (the amount of value represented by one gram…

Coins valid in Germany from 1871 with a gold content defined by law. – Pure unit of account introduced in Germany between 1919 and 1923, in which one mark was defined as equal to…