English

In older documents, the fee for renting a kaag, a single-masted, flat-bottomed cargo barge. These vessels, about fifteen meters long, were used primarily for transporting goods on internal waters. – See handling fee, ice-out…

Any economic policy measure, including any central bank policy, leads to an overall increase in social welfare only if – people who experience an increase in welfare – can fully compensate those who lose…

Unless otherwise defined, the supervisory requirements for insurance on how costs are to be calculated in certain cases. – Cf. BaFin Annual Report 2007, p. 82 f. (details of the new ordinance), BaFin Annual…

In older documents, the revenue-expenditure economy of the state, the national budget. – See budget. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent!…

In older literature, the term for the money and asset management of a public body or church district, such as a bishopric or regional church. – Kämmerer (chamberlain, treasurer) is the (upper) official entrusted…

Imperial tax introduced in 1507 for the maintenance of the Imperial Chamber Court as the highest court in the German Empire between 1495 and 1806, also called Kammerzieler (Zieler = here: tax). The incoming…

In Switzerland, an institution that is wholly or majority owned by a canton and for which the canton has unlimited liability. All cantonal banks are subject to the Swiss Federal Banking Act (BankA) and…

Legal framework for German investment funds and the sale of shares in domestic and foreign investment funds. – See Kapitalanlage-Rechnungslegungs- und Bewertungsverordnung, Verordnung zur Konkretisierung der Verhaltensregeln und Organisationsregeln nach dem Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch. – Cf.…

Special payment by the charterer to the ship’s captain so that the latter will give preferential care to the cargoes; see § 621 HGB. – Today, sometimes a premium paid to camion drivers with…

Older term for a loan shark: a moneylender who grants a loan to persons without appropriate collateral. – In English, “Shylock” is often capitalized; it is a character from the comedy “The Merchant of…

In older literature, a notebook in which receipts and payments into a cash register are recorded for the time being (in ongoing business operations) before being transferred to the cash book and recorded there.…

Payment of the manorial official who used to be responsible for the administration of the granary. – The duties of the grain steward usually included the control of the tithe of the farmers liable…

Small shells still used as sheath coins in parts of the west coast of Africa and in the East Indies until the early 20th century. – See money signs, commodity money. Attention: The financial…

Amount formerly payable to cover expenses for short-term imprisonment. – Keiche = Karzer, prison; also Kittchen, Kitt, Kitte, Kütte (for house, hostel). – See Arrestgeld, Bankgeld, Fanggeld, Gerichtsgeld, Justitiengeld, Keichengeld, Kammergerichtsgeld, Platzgeld, Schöffengeld. Attention:…

In old documents, a counting stick with the purpose of certifying a monetary debt. For those unable to read and write, this type of documentation persisted in (Eastern) Europe into the 20th century. Attention:…

In early January 2008, the well-paid foreign exchange trader Jérôme Kerviel bought 140,000 Dax futures on Eurex in the name of his bank, Société Générale (France’s second-largest institution; known in the jargon as SocGen).…

In an institution, a customer with whom a significant proportion of business is transacted; a major customer. – See Klumprisiko, customer. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used…

A currency that is preferably used in international transactions (a currency used ordinarily in international transactions), such as currently the USD and the EUR. – A currency that other countries align with when using…

Economic variables continuously monitored by central banks that influence the financial market in various ways, either immediately or with a time lag, and are therefore important for monetary policy. These include, above all, gross…

Contractually agreed final payment by the buyer of a property when the keys are handed over. – A fee payment required from a new tenant of a house or flat before he moves in.…

A share – or group of shares: then used in the plural form) – which – usually moves in the general price trend over a longer period of time, but – already indicates price…

Special type of expense riding. A financial service provider commissions a (dishonest) broker (usually based abroad) to handle a customer’s order. The agent charges grossly inflated fees and gives a portion of them to…

An instruction to the bank or broker to close out a position without regard to price (even up the account); that is, to cover a long position or close a short position. – See…

An employee of a bank who uses suitable measures (such as visits to kindergartens, the organization of children’s parties) to win the trust of children as the customers of tomorrow. – As a rule,…

Providers of this type of insurance coverage must comply with special regulatory requirements. In particular- no advertising may be carried out for ransom insurance, – it is not permitted to offer such policies bundled…

In Germany, day care for children under the age of three is legally (according to the German Social Code, SGB) a mandatory task of the states and municipalities. However, because they are also responsible…

In relation to the EU and in particular to the EMU, the demand that the EU Commission or the ECB – except in the case of natural disasters – should not take care of…

Earlier fee paid by merchants and showmen on the occasion of the (village) festival on the annual commemoration day of the consecration of the church or on the day of the saint who is…

Former duty (Fron; soccage) of the serf (villein) to supply food for the purpose of feeding the manorial staff, converted into a levy in money. – Payment that in some places had to be…

In general, a bill of exchange of doubtful quality, and in particular a bill of exchange – issued by someone who is not creditworthy, but who will nevertheless honor the paper on the maturity…

In financial language – the New Zealand dollar or – New Zealand government bonds issued in NZD. – Occasionally during the Greek crisis in the spring of 2010, investment advisors recommended buying such securities.…

In older documents, also the casket of a prince from which he rewards deserving employees with a special gratuity (gratuity: a voluntary return for loyal service). Originally a bag of gold, with which in…

A numerical overview in which the development of economic growth is broken down into the contributions of production factors and intermediate inputs, namely capital (K, capital), labor (L, labor), energy (E, energy), material (M,…

A levy that used to be collected from residents for the upkeep of the curtilage. – In northern Germany, the quickset was and still is a living fence up to five meters wide, which…

Form of contractual agreement common in the markets for foreign exchange and precious metals. Here, the call option only comes into effect if the underlying has exceeded a certain limit (barrier, knock-out level) (a…

Financial product – whose price is in a straight line relationship to the respective underlying, – has leverage on this underlying, and – for which a strike price (base price) fixed above the current…

Generally, a financial product – without a fixed maturity, – whose price is in a straight-line relationship with the respective underlying and which – matures immediately when a contractually specified price is reached. –…

In financial jargon, disparagingly said of people who talk and/or write a lot about the monetary system, but – have little idea of the interrelationships in the financial market or – have no or…

A specific pattern of mostly parallel notches (rills) on the edge of a coin – to make it easier to grip and to limit slipping from the fingers, but also – for better recognition…

Australian bullion coin in platinum, whose coin image shows the koala bear (pouch bear). The coin has been issued since 1987 and is a preferred investment, especially in Asia. – See Noble. Attention: The…

In older literature generally used for – the services to be rendered to a lord of the manor or – the respective exemption money for the redemption of this soccage. – See Dienstgeld, Ehrenfahrtgeld,…

A form of consumer credit that was widespread in Germany until around 1950. Here, the customer applies to the bank for a loan for consumer purposes, in the narrower sense for consumer goods such…

The securities included in the newly issued security in the course of a consolidation. – Government securities for which redemption is not scheduled or for which no redemption schedule has been established. – See…

– Special tax to raise and arm an army (war tax, in older documents also hostilitium). – The monetary payments imposed by a victorious power on the population, for example 10,000 talents (1 talent…

Insurance introduced in Germany in 1883. – Its main features are: – equal financing by employers and employees, – self-administration, and – the coexistence of various individual funds. – In the meantime, statutory health…

In Deutsche Bundesbank statistics, the generic term for – large banks, – regional banks, – other credit banks, and – branches of foreign banks. – See bank, direct bank, financial services institution, credit institution;…

In older documents, the advance checkout as a special department of a bank where especially farmers and craftsmen could obtain a loan against the pledge of goods or receivables. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is…

Originally popular name for the Tyrolean groschen in the 13th century because it had a double cross minted on it. From then on, the cruiser became a widespread coin, abbreviated in old documents usually…

In older financial terminology, the invitation to a meeting of creditors demanding payment – then also called liquidators – when a debtor’s insolvency is imminent or has already occurred. – Fraudulent activity in connection…

Earlier tax payable by an innkeeper (Krüger, also Kröger and Gröger) who operated a pub (= rural alehouse); similar to today’s liquor license tax. This is usually levied today as a tax by municipalities,…

Measure of wealth; in older textbooks, the name for money’s task of valuing all goods. – See money functions, money value, money purpose. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only…

Full-embodied coin made of precious metal – usually gold or silver – in which the nominal value corresponds to the metal value at the applicable monetary standard (the metal value corresponds to the nominal…

In older documents, an institution that based its payment transactions entirely on Kurant coins. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University…

– See money grave. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec. Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah,…

Exchange-traded share in a mine and, in a broader sense, in a company associated with a mine (e.g. smelter). – In the old language, the word “Kux” meant a part of the whole. Originally,…

In older documents, someone who sells mining shares to raise the necessary funds for the development and/or operation of a mine. The word “kränzler” is derived from “kränzeln”: to move about in the country.…

A term that entered German financial language around 2005 for a business in which loans are created, then securitized, and finally sold to investors in tranches. – See originate-to-distribute strategy, securitization. – ECB Monthly…

Regulations for the notification of those persons who provide investment and acquisition brokerage, placement business (securities placement) or investment advice for the account of an institution. Since January 1, 2008, these contractually bound intermediaries…