English

The defense against a hostile takeover of a company by the target company (acquiree: the firm that should be acquired) in turn making a takeover bid for the bidder. – Experience has shown that…

The amount payable by a lessee to the lessor, see Civil Code section 581 (a payment or series of payments made by the lessee to an owner for use of some property, facility, equipment,…

A large number of shares owned by a single party (private owner [including funds and foundations], company, state). Trading in these shares (package deal) usually takes place outside the stock exchange and through the…

A quantity of coins or banknotes piled up on a single surface appears smaller than if the same quantity is piled up in two or more places. – This fact, proven by monetary psychology,…

A real estate loan used to finance the acquisition of both real property and personal property, such as in the purchase of a new home that includes carpeting, window coverings and major appliances, in…

The amount paid by the buyer or demanded by the seller above the (market) value of shares bought or sold if, due to the number of shares, special rights are also attached, such as…

Financial product that – is typically offered to retail customers, – participates in the performance of one or more assets, and – has a certain degree of complexity. – PRIPs in this sense are…

In older documents, the charge for the storage – formerly often also: magasinage and emmagasinage – of goods in a duty-free bonded warehouse. – Packhof = in German seaside towns, a warehouse in a…

Common term in older financial language meaning – Generally payment, namely, the transfer of money in satisfaction of a debt. – Payment week at fairs. – Minted gold; gold coins. – Means of payment…

In relation to securities, an issue that is usually underwritten by a single address. Next day or even the same day, the issuer buys back the securities. The purpose of the transaction, among other…

In former times, the fee for the loan of the pall (pall: covering sheet over a coffin), usually colored black or deep purple and often ornately embroidered, which was laid over the coffin during…

A levy, probably introduced as early as the 8th century, payable to the pope for archbishops who were elected, to obtain confirmation of office by presenting the pallium (consecrated sash as the archbishop’s sign…

In older documents, the remuneration to an administrator – lawyer, advocate, advocate, patron – after a favorably concluded lawsuit. – See chancery money, commission, sportel, taxe. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright…

The infestation of a large part of the population of a country or even the world as a whole by a disease (epidemic: infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large…

A sudden condition in the financial market in which market participants displace considered decisions with impetuous action (a sudden mass fear which replaces considered and precise action in financial markets). – See stock market…

Unless otherwise defined, a panic model is a well-reasoned, step-by-step projection of the consequences of a (partial) collapse of the financial system. – See financial stability, pandemic, panic, risk, systemic, worst case scenario. Attention:…

Households reduce their consumption rate and increase their savings rate because they have bad expectations about their future income. – See goods, frequent purchases, weak consumption, government debt, consumption-reducing, foreshadow effects. – Cf. Deutsche…

In the financial market, a sudden oversupply – in the narrower sense of securities, – in the broader sense of assets in general, because sellers need to obtain liquidity quickly. – The causes of…

In older documents, in relation to the financial market, a completely disorderly competition by any means, including vicious ones (pancratium signifies in ancient Greece an athletic contest involving both boxing and wrestling). – There…

In monetary philosophy, the term for the fact that money is the ostensibly all-determining, godlike reality worldwide; the main idea of the omnipotence doctrine. – See actus purus principle, financial psychology, avarice, money shark,…

In a currency area, only banknotes are in circulation as means of payment, not coins. Currently, about three quarters of the world’s countries have such a currency. Italy and Greece had a pure paper…

A person who owns papers or real assets which, if traded now, would be worth at any rate one million EUR. – An individual who has realized a high net value as a result…

A profit generated by successful involvement in the financial market, but not yet paid out, i.e. transferred to the account as a credit (yield on an investment, shown in the books but not realized…

Generic term for all contracts tradable on the financial market that contain a – include a delivery of goods – as in the case of options in particular – and in a very broad…

Any title that can be transferred from one owner to another by endorsement, such as a bill of exchange or, usually, a promissory bill. – See allonge. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by…

Papers related to agriculture in general and agricultural cooperatives in particular (any of several credit vehicles used to finance agricultural transactions; they are adjusted to the specific financial needs of farmers, which are determined…

In older financial parlance, a place where bills of exchange are accepted-sometimes additionally referring to checks-without commission for collection; as usually at central bank branches. – See cavata. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected…

In jargon, a colleague in a bank who intrudes unasked and unwelcomed into conversations particulary in talks with clients. – See Airbag, Jack-of-all-trades, Autonomously acting unit, Behavioural branding, Chief copying officer, Pressure workforce, Infighting,…

contrary to expectations or/and existing belief]): If strict capital regulations and supervisory instructions force banks to refrain from risky business, shadow banks will take over the financing in those fields. But if, in the…

The fact that a reduction in capital revenue tax rates – at least up to a certain limit – results in an increase in tax revenues. – This statistically well-documented phenomenon is explained by…

A term that emerged around 2005 in connection with monetary policy to describe the fact that – when a central bank pursues a credible monetary policy – it keeps inflation and thus interest rates…

The fact that investment-seeking capital tends to flow from poor countries to rich ones rather than vice versa. – The reason for this empirical finding is that, although investors could mathematically earn a higher…

With regard to monetary theory, the tendency to advocate doctrines that are exciting but far removed from the center, the mainstream of science. This is often associated with a pronounced sense of mission, even…

Special government assets with their own budgetary management, such as the social insurance institutions or the Federal Employment Agency in Germany. Their financial behavior is monitored by the central bank as part of the…

Legally established and properly constituted companies, – which are not banks, – but nevertheless engage in financial business by – raising primarily short-term funds and – lending these – on a long-term basis –…

Another term for ancillary currency. – When gold and silver are used simultaneously as currency metals, there is no legally prescribed value ratio between the two precious metals. – Not (only) one central bank,…

Foreign means of payment which, in addition to the legally prescribed unit, appear in a geographical area primarily as an intermediate means of exchange, but often also as a unit of account (money that…

Unless otherwise defined, a loan granted by two companies to each other in the currency of the other partner. Repayment is made in the currency borrowed – i.e. denominated in the loan – at…

Said in older documents of cash or property which – a bride contributes at marriage, – but by marriage contract remains her property (things a woman owned, apart from her dowry), and – is…

Payment by the state to parents who interrupt their professional activity (time-out) after the birth of a child in order to care for the child. – Fees for the use of kindergartens and daycare…

Committee of representatives from the creditor countries and debtor countries in the event of balance of payments difficulties of debtor countries. Dating back to 1956, the body advises on adjustment programs and debt restructuring…

The official determination of the value of a currency against an underlying benchmark, such as 1 EUR = 1.180690 Special Drawing Rights. The exchange rate, as the price formed by the interplay of supply…

In a mortgage financing transaction by several lenders, the contractual agreement that in the event of the debtor’s default and any foreclosure (CH: Betreibung; levy upon property, compulsory enforcement) all creditors have the same…

With regard to money, this refers to the principle that money as a measure must retain the same value, i.e. the same purchasing power, through time. – See monetary value, inflation, purchasing power, nominal…

In older financial terminology, for a part of a bond issue. However, it is not the piece – i.e. the bond – that is separated into pieces, but the issue as a whole is…

In older documents, a monetary payment by which an account is not fully settled: a debt repayment à conto (payment on account, down payment), a partial payment or installment. – See down payment. Attention:…

Partial payment of an amount in installments. – The repayment of a debt by payment (the periodic payment of a fixed amount that includes interest and principal). – See loan, bullet, repayment. Attention: The…

Invoice for goods delivered or services rendered up to the date of issue (day of issue) (“providing products or services before payment”). – This monetary claim is to be distinguished – from the down…

Invoice for goods delivered or services rendered up to the date of issue (day of issue) (“providing products or services before payment”). – This monetary claim is to be distinguished – from the down…

Security that embodies property rights, but not membership rights, in a stock corporation. Participation certificates are used primarily in Switzerland as a financing instrument and are similar to the German Genussschein. Due to the…

A certificate that securitizes the right to participate in the performance of an underlying asset. – The issuer – the bank – selects a suitable underlying asset for this purpose, sets a price level…

Ratio indicating the extent to which an investor in certificates participates in the profit of the underlying instrument. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes…

The temporary cooperation of two or more partners in the financial market to carry out a transaction jointly. – Several institutions combine for a limited period of time for the purpose of carrying out…

In older banking practice, said of a private citizen, a private person who (as opposed to a company) has a business relationship with the institution. – The legal system even in Western industrialized countries…

The injection of money into a company by a partner. – In a company, the existing relationships with customers, suppliers, banks and authorities. – See intangibles, customer loyalty, customer capital, customer centricity. Attention: The…

Public offers as an invitation to anyone to participate in a company as a partner. Although this has been required for a long time, such offers have not been subject to a prospectus requirement…

Said in older literature for revenue flowing into the treasury in several small sums. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University…

In older documents, a person in general, and a merchant in particular, who has suddenly risen to wealth through profitable transactions, but has not yet assumed the new role that has thus fallen to…

In ancient documents, a tax imposed on some territories conquered by the Turks for the benefit of the maintenance of the sultan’s mother. – By extension, also any levy for the maintenance of the…

A bank – takes money into custody that – a depositor holds illegally or as a politically persecuted person, – but the bank certifies to the authorities that the depositor is destitute and has…

Formerly a duty paid on ships and carts passing through a territory; passage toll, transit duty (a duty paid on goods that pass through a territory). The transiting vehicles loaded with goods are also…

If not otherwise defined, the payment of passengers when they are taken on board an ocean-going (cargo) ship. – Some shipping companies worldwide now offer such options even on container ships. The demand is…

If not otherwise defined, the payment of passengers when they are taken on board an ocean-going (cargo) ship. – Some shipping companies worldwide now offer such options even on container ships. The demand is…

A loan from the bank secured by funds in a savings account on deposit with the same institution originating the loan; the savings account is blocked until the loan is repaid (a loan secured…

A loan from the bank secured by funds in a savings account on deposit with the same institution originating the loan; the savings account is blocked until the loan is repaid (a loan secured…

In older documents this means: Kurant coins are still recognized as full-value if – their weight is not more than five thousandths behind the nominal weight and – they are not defaced from damnage…

As the subprime crisis solidified into a financial crisis in the fall of 2008, U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, who was in office at the time, prepared a rescue package to provide the U.S.…

An individual or business that offers secured loans to people, with items of personal property used as collateral. Although they are not considered credit institutions in Germany under Section 2 (1) of the German…

Card used for cashless payments and equipped with a microprocessor (chip). In its basic form, it can be used as an electronic purse and equipped with various additional functions (such as parking, telephony). –…

Payment method in which customers enter their secret code at the checkout and then place their finger on a reader set up for this purpose. The customer no longer needs a credit card, and…

A piece of paper or electronic message provided by employer to an employee as indication of payment of wages or salary; it usually includes details such as the amount of tax withheld. – Until…

A call launched in the fall of 2008 by business associations, government agencies and the Federal Reserve Bank in the USA for private households to make payments preferably in cash instead of – as…

The issuer of the bond has the contractual option to – either pay the obligations arising from the issue (interest payments, redemption) in cash, or – service them by issuing new bonds, and –…

If not defined otherwise, it is the amount that an investor receives on exit from – a commitment in general and – from a short-lived, temporary investment in particular; i.e. the capital invested plus…

In the past, a cash or crossed check issued by an employer to an employee at the end of the month. Today, payment of salary is almost exclusively by account-to-account transfer (traditionally a paper…

Computer payment system of the Yahoo company, originally geared to payment within the scope of Internet auctions by Yahoo and later expanded to include other functions. At the end of 2007, Yahoo decided to…

Easy-to-use payment system introduced in France to put an end to existing isolated applications and regarded as exemplary for Europe, based on close cooperation between banks, mobile communications providers, card issuers and terminal manufacturers.…

In the financial sense, the withdrawal of money from a cash register for payment purposes; correspondingly, it is referred to as collection. – The expression was already in the 19, Jht. as Unwort (misnomer:…

In the financial sense, the withdrawal of money from a cash register for payment purposes; correspondingly, it is referred to as collection. – The expression was already in the 19, Jht. as Unwort (misnomer:…

The payment for subscribed bonds or shares, i.e. the partial (minimum subscription payment; Mindestliberierung) or full payment of the allotted securities. – If, in the case of a joint-stock company, the payment does not…

In general, all expenditures to settle a debt and thus to satisfy the creditor (the sum of money that is transferred from one party to another to resolve a debt). Payment in this sense…

At a bank, the delivery of cash to a customer from the customer’s account at a teller’s counter. In this case, it is also referred to as withdrawal. – The handing over of cash…

Repayment of a debt by means of several partial repayments, the amount and timing of which are usually specified in detail in the contract. – The number and amount of household installment contracts (hire…

The delivery of money by the postal service (monetary payment by the postal service). In Germany, too, the postal service’s own postmen (CH: Pöstler; money letter carriers; Geldbriefträger) sought out the recipient – in…

In some villages until the 20th century, a premium was paid for each mouse or rat killed. As a rule, the tail of the killed animal had to be presented to the person appointed…

A sum paid in earlier times by sovereign decree for the killing of a raven or a jackdaw (daw) or crow (crow). The head of the killed animal had to be handed in to…

Generally, a regular payment without legal entitlement; honorarium, honorary salary. – In stock exchanges, formerly a support for the destitute survivors (widow, underage children) of speculators who at a given time could not procure…

Pursuant to Section 632a of the German Civil Code (BGB), payment for a service rendered in accordance with the contract, as a result of which the recipient of the service receives an increase in…

In the language of the Deutsche Bundesbank, all ways in which a payment is initiated with the help of information and communication technology devices. – At the beginning of 2014, the ECB published an…

Outstanding invoices have not been paid despite a reminder notice. In such cases, specialized service providers attempt to collect the receivables, at least in part, on behalf of the creditor – the bank. –…

A loan in which the debtor is not required to make any payments to the creditor between the time the money is borrowed and the maturity or refinancing date. Such loans are made primarily…

The issuer of a bond has a choice (option) at maturity between repayment (redemption) in cash or in the form of another credit tranche or bond. – See pay-in-kind bond, payment-in-kind loan. Attention: The…

In mortgage financing between a bank and a customer, a third party (such as the government under the homeownership promotion policy) provides subsidies during the early period to limit the monthly burden on the…

In connection with a loan, a document given by a bank to the customer in which the details of the requested loan are listed (document showing the amount of the loan, all sums and…

Generally, any profit generated from an investment that accrues to the investor. – See success, income, growth fund, investment, capital, capital income, return, wealth, tenfold. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and…

Unless otherwise defined, a prohibition on insurance companies distributing profits to their shareholders. Such a ban was envisaged in order to strengthen the industry’s risk-bearing capacity in the face of an environment of low…

computer payment system of the eBay company. At the beginning of 2011, PayPal managed 210 million member accounts worldwide. – See payment methods, innovative, Billpoint, Bitcoin, Giropay, Linden Dollar, PayDirect ,Quickgeld, clearing money. Attention:…

Tax levied by deduction from wages on income from employment (a tax an employer withholds or pays on behalf of their employee based on the salary of the employee; this tax is also known…

In Germany, a levy used to be paid to the public authorities when they had to intervene in feuds and put an end to hostilities. It was not until the “Eternal Public Peace” adopted…

In financial jargon, a sum that, although absolutely large, is comparatively small. In 1994, the term became the “vogue word of the year” in Germany. The background was fifty million DEM in outstanding workmen’s…