English

Abbreviation for partly recommended, partly binding rules drawn up by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for financial reporting. – Strictly speaking, IAS are the principles adopted by the International Accounting Standards Committee, a…

Financial Instruments Recognition and Measurement; reformatted as IFRS 9 in 2010): Transparency accounting standard for banks, proposed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Mandatory adoption is scheduled for 2015. The criticism is that…

A trader on the (computer) exchange wants to execute a high-volume order. He splits this order into small parts and enters only these parts into his order book. Once one part of the order…

Iceland joined the European Economic Area (EEA) in 1994 and enjoyed the free movement of persons, services and capital granted by the EU. Iceland’s Kaupthing Bank, among others, took advantage of this. The bank…

At the ECB, those sectors of the economy that make full use of processes provided by information and communications technology at all levels of operational performance. – See KLEMS database, portability, productivity, rigidities, structural.…

In Germany, securities service companies are required by supervisory law to verify and record the identity of the client before executing an order. Banks must also verify and document the identity of the applicant…

In the financial sector, the conduct of business using the name of a private person or entity without authorization. – In contrast to address spoofing, in which a fictitious, imaginary identity is simulated, identity…

In older documents, the signature of the customer or bank (one’s name as written by oneself on an instrument or document to signify knowledge, approval, acceptance, or obligation). – See Acceptance, Diffusion, Handwritten, Signature.…

Cash held in the coffers of companies or private households (money that is saved in order that it is available to use, rather than invested to earn interest). – Whether these amounts are injected…

Official abbreviation for International Financial Reporting Standards. – A distinction must be made between – the set of rules issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), referred to in the jargon as “full…

The fact that the accounting rules established by the International Accounting Standards Board (full IFRS) have been amended by the authorities of individual countries, in some cases making them more stringent or adapting them…

In Islamic banking, a specially designed form of a loan agreement. One partner cedes an asset to the other for use and enjoyment, at a specified lease rate and for a fixed period of…

Coins produced in ancient documents by minters and put to their own use from the stock of precious metal given to them by the minting authority, of which the minting authority embezzled a portion.…

Macroeconomic disruptions within the euro area are the cause of strong pressure on the common currency and the long persistence of the financial crisis that followed the subprime crisis. This has led to the…

Macroeconomic disruptions within the euro area are the cause of strong pressure on the common currency and the long persistence of the financial crisis that followed the subprime crisis. This has led to the…

As defined by the ECB – external positions of systemically important economies, – reflecting distortions – such as: persistent deficit in the balance of payments – or – posing risks to the global economy.…

As defined by the ECB – external positions of systemically important economies, – reflecting distortions – such as: persistent deficit in the balance of payments – or – posing risks to the global economy.…

New regulations issued by the International Monetary Fund in June 2007 relating to the exchange rate policies of its members. The surveillance of economic and monetary policy is a core task of the IMF.…

New regulations issued by the International Monetary Fund in June 2007 relating to the exchange rate policies of its members. The surveillance of economic and monetary policy is a core task of the IMF.…

In jargon, a fellow-worker in a bank with the drive of intruding into everything and especially into conversations of a colleague with a client. – See Airbag, Jack of all trades, Behavioural Branding, Chief…

In jargon, a fellow-worker in a bank with the drive of intruding into everything and especially into conversations of a colleague with a client. – See Airbag, Jack of all trades, Behavioural Branding, Chief…

The placement of physical documents for financial instruments in a common depository or a central securities depository so that succeeding transfers can be made by book entry: by debiting and crediting the respective holders’…

Assessment base for levying real property tax as the income from real property. The exact calculation is governed by the respective tax laws. – See Business capital, Property. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected…

With regard to covering a company’s financial requirements, the decision to raise funds for investment – almost – exclusively through internal financing, primarily retained earnings and deposits of the owners. In this way, the…

A company finances its expansion (almost) exclusively from self-financing (from undistributed profits) or self-financing (funds of the owners). The restriction of the expansion possibilities is accepted in order to – be protected from the…

Another term for the first-loss tranche in a securitization, also called equity tranche and junior tranche. – The extent to which this tranche can actually absorb a payment default first depends entirely on its…

In accounting, losses must be taken into account even if they are emerging but are not yet due for payment. Profits, on the other hand, may only be recognized when they have been received…

In older financial language, participation in a transaction. – See deal, engagement, one-night stand, operation, transaction. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express…

In older documents, as well as in the coin trade today, a Russian Gold coin of ten rubles, minted for the first time in 1755 with the portrait of Tsarina Elizabeth – IMPERATRIX =…

(Auxiliary) variable calculated by the ECB on an ongoing basis and published in the Monthly Bulletin to estimate the future level of short-term interest rates. – For the calculation, see the ECB’s Monthly Bulletin,…

(Auxiliary) variable calculated by the ECB on an ongoing basis and published in the Monthly Bulletin to estimate the future level of short-term interest rates. – For the calculation, see the ECB’s Monthly Bulletin…

In the context of a securitization, someone – usually a bank; more rarely also a hedge fund – stands in for the securitized securities beyond the scope of the contractually agreed obligations. This is…

In the context of a securitization, someone – usually a bank; more rarely also a hedge fund – stands in for the securitized securities beyond the scope of the contractually agreed obligations. This is…

The profit that can be obtained from buying a debt instrument and simultaneously selling it against that futures contract, calculated in percent per annum. – See spot speculator, commodity futures contract, futures speculator. Attention:…

If not defined otherwise, the factors that are unforeseeable or unpredictable when planning an investment (e.g. changes in tax regulations) and therefore non-calculable. All decisions on financial markets are therefore never exactly calculable –…

In Germany during the period of compulsory foreign exchange, the permission of the competent authorities to import a good, combined with the promise to provide foreign exchange for it. – See foreign exchange allocation…

The share of inputs purchased from abroad in the production of export goods. – The import content of German goods exports calculated in this way was around 44 percent in 2009; the trend is…

Payment imposed on importers, especially in times of foreign exchange control, with the aim of making purchases abroad more expensive, thus restricting imports and forcing companies to use goods produced in their own currency…

Technical term from foreign exchange management meaning that foreign exchange is required for the import of the good (imports for which foreign-exchange payment is required) – See foreign-exchange allocation confirmation. Attention: The financial encyclopedia…

In older documents, – a tariff-based levy in general (money collected under a tariff); – a commodity tax: a tax based on a specific commodity, corresponding in nature to excise duties on its sale).…

In old documents, often said in a very broad sense of any payment that individuals have to make for any purpose of the commonwealth. – In a narrower sense, the older term for indirect…

The proportionate payment – assessed according to a certain key (reasonable guideline) – which all members of a social association of some kind (= social entity; functional organization) – make to a subordinate or…

The proportionate payment – assessed according to a certain key (reasonable guideline) – which all members of a social association of some kind (= social entity; functional organization) – make to a subordinate or…

Legally, a creditor’s claim against a debtor arising from a contract or the law. As a rule, this takes the form of a payment in money. – From a financial market perspective, any form…

– In the past, a payment to compensate for the costs of housing and feeding other people’s livestock; especially in the case of sequestration (the action of taking legal possession of an asset until…

Money minted in metal, the metal value of which is less than the nominal value, but which is nevertheless valid and therefore has full legal tender, consequently also compulsory acceptance. – Because in previous…

Declaration by which the instructing party authorizes a third party (instructed party; usually a bank) to perform a service for the account of the instructing party to the beneficiary (instruction recipient) designated by the…

The contractually assumed obligation of a person or entity to guarantee the fulfillment of a debtor’s obligations to the creditor; see §§ 765 ff BGB. – See accommodation, aval, guarantor, guarantee, accommodation obligation, bail,…

Colloquially synonymous with expenses, i.e., money that has been spent for a special purpose (money that has been used for a special purpose). – In economics, the consumption of factors of production – labor,…

In financial language, generally an obligation to pay of a business entity to a third party (an obligation that legally binds an individual or company to settle a debt). – A liability is a…

In financial language, generally an obligation to pay of a business entity to a third party (an obligation that legally binds an individual or company to settle a debt). – A liability is a…

Strictly speaking, as a legal term, the name under which a merchant operates, see § 17 HGB (German Code of Commerce). – In German-language economic literature, the term “Firma” is also used to refer…

The address to which a bill of exchange is issued; the bill debtor. – See acceptor, drawer, drawee address, trassat. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for…

Generally used today to refer to all imposts (as obligatory monetary payments; imposts, duties) that are incurred as payments in some form or another and on various occasions. – Generic term for all monetary…

Small locked containers lent by banks and especially by savings banks to private households in former times (hence also: home safe), which were provided with a slot for inserting mainly coins and often also…

Small locked containers lent by banks and especially by savings banks to private households in former times (hence also: home safe), which were provided with a slot for inserting mainly coins and often also…

Pursuant to Section 67 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), a share issued in the name, occupation and address of the holder and entered in the share book or share register of the…

Generally, the borrowing of outside money by an economic entity; a loan, a credit. – A debt security (bond) – in certificated form as an issue of securities, – by means of which a…

In public administration, the supreme authority with the main task of – auditing all government accounts and – comparing expenditures with budget estimates. In Germany, the federal audit court is based in Bonn. The…

In the national accounts, the comparison of imports and exports during a period, presented in account form. – The account-based financial statements that a company is required to prepare in accordance with the applicable…

In connection with a payment, the immediate settlement of a debt by cash (“per Kasse”; immediate payment). – The stock of payment instruments held by a business entity (cash resources). – Colloquially, an insurance…

Securities redeemable or irredeemable for precious metal, issued by a government agency or private individuals: Banknotes. – Irredeemable securities denominated in a specific amount (bank bills) with unlimited legal tender and compulsory acceptance in…

Generally, the payment imposed by a court or competent authority on an individual, group of persons, or corporation, according to law, and paid into the respective public treasury; as distinguished from the fine payable…

In German legal terminology, the generic term for undeveloped and developed land (as staked, circumscribed parts of the earth’s surface) of all kinds. This includes all buildings erected on an estate (land and all…

In general, vis-à-vis a creditor (liquidant), the satisfaction of his claim, which is thereby settled. – In banking terms, the payment of a debit on the account; the settlement of a debt balance. In…

A sum that institutions charge to customers in the course of executing transactions. The purpose of this fee is to reimburse the costs incurred by the bank for its service availability. – In particular,…

In general, the determination of the stock exchange, market or replacement price of an asset – at a certain point in time – in monetary units, in accordance with certain rules prescribed by law…

According to Section 241 of the German Civil Code (BGB), anyone who is obliged to render performance to the creditor in accordance with the contract. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, in the context of the…

According to Section 241 of the German Civil Code (BGB), anyone who is obliged to render performance to the creditor in accordance with the contract. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, in the context of the…

In general, the meeting of supply and demand for foreign means of payment. The resulting price is called the foreign exchange rate or exchange rate. – The trading of foreign currency on the stock…

Assets and near-money of a minor or incapacitated person who is legally under the supervision of a guardian (Kurators; guardian: an individual who is legally responsible for the care of another and the management…

In the broadest sense, any outflow of cash from the treasury of an economic entity – household, business, public agency – regardless of the purpose, such as purchase of goods and services, loan, tax…

In a narrower sense, the sum of all securitized and statistically recorded liabilities of the public sector (explicit public debt). – In a broader sense, plus all expenditures that have already been decided but…

In a narrower sense, the sum of all securitized and statistically recorded liabilities of the public sector (explicit public debt). – In a broader sense, plus all expenditures that have already been decided but…

A debt obligation structured as a security, namely a promise by the debtor (issuer) to make payments to the holder (creditor) on a certain date (a commitment by a borrower to repay an amount…

A debt obligation structured as a security, namely a promise by the debtor (issuer) to make payments to the holder (creditor) on a certain date (a commitment by a borrower to repay an amount…

The voluntary monetary contribution to – an earmarked fund or – an independent asset fund (estate) within the meaning of the Foundation Income Tax Act (StiftEG), – usually for charitable purposes (charitable trusts). –…

utilization fee, which depends on the use of a facility, such as wastewater fees or garbage collection fees. – If a payment is demanded independently of the provision of a service by the state,…

An option is in the money as a call option if the price of the underlying asset on the spot market is above the strike price. In the case of a put option, this…

Frequently used term, but with different conceptual content (denotation: the totality of things to which a term is applicable; the objects meant by “assets”). – All goods owned by – private households, and then…

Frequently used term, but with different conceptual content (denotation: the totality of things to which a term is applicable; the objects meant by “assets”). – All goods owned by – private households, and then…

The purchase of one’s own currency on the foreign exchange market by the central bank in order to prevent the exchange rate from falling. – Price maintenance of a security by the issuer or…

The purchase of one’s own currency on the foreign exchange market by the central bank in order to prevent the exchange rate from falling. – Price maintenance of a security by the issuer or…

Stock of – cash, – book money and – any means of payment without validation – such as regional money or another secondary currency, especially in border areas – within a currency area. –…

In older documents, the delivery of a certain amount of products of agriculture, forestry and domestic economy, such as tithes, usually in the context of a Fronverhältnis. Here, a peasant (liege man, leud: a…

In financial terminology, anything that cannot be supplied to the market (something that may not be sold, transferred or assigned to another). – See Fideïkommiss. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and…

In financial terminology, anything that cannot be supplied to the market (something that may not be sold, transferred or assigned to another). – See Fideïkommiss. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and…

In the language of regulators, interwoven with instantaneous actions, subsequent and often very multi-layered consequences of actions that cause or increase exposure to the financial market. Good incentive systems are characterized by ensuring an…

A company invites employees on a vacation trip as a reward for special services rendered or business pleasure as an incentive for further cooperation. Particularly in the insurance industry, this has become common practice…

Payments made by the government to induce economic agents to do or refrain from doing something, such as an export bonus, a rebate, or a payment for reducing pollutant emissions. – A bonus offered…

At the ECB, defined as a situation in which a system – which is important for the financial market – only functions with substantial delays or, in extreme cases, no longer functions at all…

At the ECB, defined as a situation in which a system – which is important for the financial market – only functions with substantial delays or, in extreme cases, no longer functions at all…

As a fiscal term, the excess of income, defined as the inflow of assets in a business entity over the advertising expenses (professional outlay, income-related expenses in relation to a private household, professional business…

A measure of the percentage by which banking system credit increases when GDP rises by one percent. – Experience shows that the income elasticity of credits in industrialized countries has been greater than one…

An investment fund that holds assets which are continuously income producing, and the income is passed on to the unit holders. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used…

In the older literature, often very broad explanations of the fact that – an average private household usually receives payments for work done (salary, wages) on a single date, – it then spends this…

In the case of an investment, the objective of being able to draw withdrawable contributions from an investment at certain points in time. In principle – i.e., there are mixed forms – this is…

Generally, according to IAS (18.7), the gross inflow of economic value from ordinary activities within a period that results in an increase in equity. – In the case of a bank, the sum of…

Unless otherwise defined in the statistics, the remuneration of private households that is paid in advance for work performed, but which they do not perform until the next period, usually the next month, as…

Unless otherwise defined, any regular inflow of money into a private household. – In addition, the term is defined in social law and tax law by definitions and jurisdiction of supreme court in many…