English

Colloquial for a larger sum of money. – See wad. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk,…

The divergence between the collectively agreed wage, the negotiated earnings, and the actual wage, the effective earnings (the amount by which actual earnings exceed negotiated earnings). – Sometimes only the process of spreading is…

Unless otherwise defined, the inability to adjust nominal wages downward (an economic situation in which a decline in demand and, therefore, a fall in profit is not accompanied by a fall in wages: a…

The share of wages and salaries (compensation of employees) in national income; in Germany, it is seventy percent. – See unit labor costs. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only…

A price increase – for food or gasoline, for example – reduces the real income of employees. They then demand higher wage payments, often in anticipation of further expected price increases. Firms factor the…

Agreements between the parties to collective bargaining agreements in the labor market under which the agreed wage is automatically adjusted to inflation, usually measured by the cost-of-living index. Such agreements are viewed with suspicion…

The sum to be contractually paid to a ship’s crew for their services on board; sailor’s pay, also called just wages and in older documents mareage; to hire = here: to rent, to hire…

In the financial market in general, a state in which buyers (more rarely also referring to sellers) hold back on the basis of certain expectations. – In the case of the central bank, a…

In ancient documents, a tax for the construction and maintenance of the city wall. – In the historical development of Europe, cities gradually came to have a life of their own in terms of…

Electronic means of payment in the form of a reloadable prepaid card (multipurpose prepaid card) that can be used for various purposes. – See cash payment rate, chip card, computer payment, corporate credit card,…

In jargon, a share that has fallen out of favor with buyers. Usually, such securities have an unfavorable price-earnings ratio (share that has fallen out of favor with investors; such titles usually have a…

Debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of financing war, in the past very often associated with an obligation to buy for all citizens or certain classes – such as higher-income earners,…

Public budgetary resources accumulated by a state for a planned or anticipated war. – In the case of a company, the accumulated funds to be able to act quickly in the course of mergers…

Capital owned (inherited) by a ward, which was either gilted (absolutely safe) by the gerhab (legal guardian; custodian) or by the chief guardianship – lord of the manor in the case of bondsmen; chamberlain…

Loans granted by banks, especially to crop wholesale buyers and merchandise importers, to store goods until they are sold. Financing is still frequently provided in the form of a storage bill. Warehouse receipt: A…

Document evidencing the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) a certain quantity of an underlying asset (goods, securities). The difference to an option is that the exchange…

With a paper as the underlying, the warrant holder can only purchase the security designated in the warrant if a like security is surrendered (a warrant allowing users to buy bonds only on surrender…

Transactions prohibited by supervisory law in which purchases and sales or vice versa are made simultaneously in the same contract and on the same exchange on the same date. In fact, no position is…

Former payment for the collection of household waste by the dustcart in cities. The cover charge is the same as today’s charge for garbage collection. – See post-master fee. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is…

Means of compliance whereby the relevant department primarily monitors customer and proprietary trades in specific securities to detect any violations of internal and regulatory requirements. – See outlier, misstatement, trading surveillance unit, trading time,…

In older documents, a levy for the construction and ongoing maintenance of a road embankment, especially for securing dangerous parts of the terrain such as steep slopes (steeps). All vehicles using the road in…

In the language of central banks and supervisory authorities, referring to institutions with weak earnings power. The yardstick is usually the interest margin, which is the difference between the interest rate charged by an…

The economic situation of a person in which the total of available assets substantially exceeds the average level of material well-being among other members in society. – In many older and more recent authors,…

In the case of coins, the loss of weight through use in payment transactions, also called abrasion or removal of the surface of a solid material as a result of relative movement of other…

In former times, in some places, an amount in cash to be paid by the marriage candidate at the time of marriage, partly into the church treasury (poor box; Armenkasse), partly into the municipal…

The expected return on both the equity and the debt capital from an engagement or in a company. The calculation is explained in detail in the relevant literature. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected…

The welfare state, which is densely regulated in Europe today, establishes entitlements without a basis: it makes the individual independent of – an employer as well as – his own performance. This is even…

The welfare state, which is densely regulated in Europe today, establishes entitlements without a basis: it makes individuals independent of – an employer as well as – their own performance. This is even the…

Term used in U.S. regulatory law. – In connection with the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) of 2000, a bank holding company (BHC) must demonstrate a certain level of risk management, the details of which…

A former levy for the maintenance of a public well used to supply drinking water, including compensation for the fountain master (water supply operator), who in many places was also responsible for the cleanliness…

Term used in U.S. regulatory law in connection with the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) of 2000, which defines the rank of a well-managed bank holding company (BHC) very precisely on the basis of various…

In older documents, extra money earned from trading in wetted goods. In earlier times, goods such as hay, grain, fruit, vegetables, wood or woven goods, which were usually sold by weight, were sprinkled with…

An investor who comes to the aid of the target company in a hostile takeover (a counter-bidder welcomed by the management of a company which is the target of a hostile takeover bid); apotropaic…

The propensity of banks to grant loans to their customers. This depends essentially on – the spread between credit interest (interest rate which the bank has to pay to the depositor) and borrowing rate…

In older mining documents – the pay to the hoisting winch operators (hoisting winch: rope from which the hoisting vessel hangs and is wound over a shaft), also called haulage man, winchman, windlass man,…

In paper money today, a fingernail-sized, transparent opening in the paper or plastic, which consists of a transmissible safety film. If the film is held alternately in front of a light and dark background,…

In the U.S., for the last trading hour on the stock exchange. Experience shows that high-frequency traders, professional traders and large institutional investors condense their business during this period. As a result, there is…

A charge levied by a vending machine operating institute when cash is withdrawn from a non-institute-owned cash dispenser. – The acquisition and operation, namely the filling, securing and maintenance of the machines is associated…

Income earned by women from employment (women’s wages). – The amount of money allocated to a woman for housekeeping; housekeeping allowance. – A woman’s share of joint property awarded to her by divorce decree,…

Payment to redeem the obligation (soccage) of the villein (bondman), – to deliver a certain amount of wood – in his own team – to the lordship (the fro[h]nhof; manor house), the so-called Holzfuhr-Fro[h]nde.…

Working group within the Banking Supervision Committee with the aim of bringing about an exchange of data between the countries’ central credit registers (initially in the euro area) and harmonizing the corresponding measurement procedures.…

Earlier duty that parents of illegitimate children (children born out of wedlock, children born to an unmarried mother) had to pay. – Punitive damages paid by a man who had deflowered a virgin, also…

Unless otherwise defined, this refers to the seller of an option. The writer must, irrespective of the current price of the underlying, sell the underlying to the buyer at the strike price (call option)…

Unless otherwise defined, this refers to the seller of an option. The writer must, irrespective of the current price of the underlying, sell the underlying to the buyer at the strike price (call option)…

In old documents, the fee charged for writing courses (learning with the aim to acquire the ability to form letters or numbers on a surface with a pen). – In Germany, reading was taught…

In old documents, the fee charged for writing courses (learning with the aim to acquire the ability to form letters or numbers on a surface with a pen). – In Germany, reading was taught…

A special form of price manipulation in which incorrect information about the actual turnover of a company or the securities traded on the stock exchange is published by the company or by corresponding reports…

A special form of price manipulation in which incorrect information about the actual turnover of a company or the securities traded on the stock exchange is published by the company or by corresponding reports…