English

Ratio formed by dividing the dividend per share by the current (stock market) price (ratio between the last dividend per share paid and the price per share). – However, it merely indicates the return…

Dividend Yield is a financial ratio that indicates how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price. It’s an important metric for income-focused investors, as it provides an…

The distribution of a corporation to shareholders taking into account actual inflation or in terms of the inflation expectation rate. – Empirical studies seem to show that companies often seek to offset any losses…

The term used by financial journalists to describe the case where a run-down company – especially in the USA – demands an additional payment from its shareholders instead of paying them a dividend. However,…

The (annual) distribution in cash to the holders of shares in a corporation (that part of the earnings of a corporation that is distributed to its shareholders). – See yield, superdividend, talon tax. Attention:…

A set of rules for regulating the financial market that came into force in the summer of 2010 as a result of the financial crisis in the USA following the subprime crisis. The key…

The currency denomination of the USA – ISO currency code: USD – and other countries, such as Australia, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Jamaica, Canada, Namibia or Taiwan. Dollar, like the euro, has no official plural…

Many investors worldwide have so far fled to the USD in times of crisis. – Although the subprime crisis, which escalated into a global financial crisis in the fall of 2008, originated in the…

The fear, which arose from around 1980, that the USD could suddenly lose a great deal of its value on the international currency markets. – This concern is based on the fact that many…

The widespread dollar gap after the Second World War (1945). leading national economists that in trade between Europe and the U.S.A., Europe’s partner was constantly in deficit. In most cases, only Switzerland was excluded…

The fact that many countries around the world relate the value of their own currency unit to the USD and measure it against it. – See devaluation, dollar, dollarization. – On the parity of…

in a narrower sense, the introduction of the U.S. dollar as a means of payment, as occurred in Argentina between 1991 and 2001; in Argentina, the peg to the U.S. dollar was replaced in…

Assets of the state, such as primarily estates, forests, mines and baths. In most countries, until around 1800, about two-thirds of public expenditures – which at that time had not yet been inflated by…

In ancient documents, the term for coins that were recognized as official currency in the respective national territory and were accepted in payment. – See nasarinchen, pezzi. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by…

For regulatory purposes, any entity that is obligated from the issuance of a security or other financial instrument whose – home country is Germany or – home country is another European member state if…

In particular, in the case of capital management companies, the legally specified – i.e. not necessarily the actual! – domicile of a fund. This primarily determines the chances of successful legal action in the…

In the course of dubious investment advice, a widespread practice whereby – a domestic address is clearly stated in correspondence and in the contract, – but almost unrecognizable in the so-called “small print” (US:…

In the financial market, this refers to the choice of the account to which a payment will be credited or from which it will be debited. – See Place of payment. Attention: The financial…

Movements as a chain reaction on the stock exchange or on the financial market as a whole, triggered by – unusual price changes of a single security, – a specific market segment, – the…

Another term for premium deal; “dont” is an (older German-language) term for return premium. An order to buy “x-shares 460 dont 3” means that against payment of a three percent premium, the buyer can…

In the past, the faithful were asked to pay a fee for the maintenance of the building (upkeep of the church) when entering the church for worship. Repeatedly, the popes emphatically prohibited door money,…

In the past, the faithful were asked to pay a fee for the maintenance of the building (upkeep of the church) when entering the church for worship. Repeatedly, the popes emphatically prohibited door money,…

Unless otherwise defined, this refers to a company’s lower profit in relation to sales over the course of time. – As a rule, reduced profits make access to debt capital more expensive. This is…

A requirement imposed by the central bank or supervisory authority that banks must prepare a dossier (named after DORSUM: the lettering on the spine of a file) for certain loans, if a large amount…

A term that emerged after 1995 to describe the remarkably strong demand for shares in newly founded companies (start-ups), especially in the field of information technology. Apart from an Internet address (xxx.com), some of…

A fraudulent activity of publicans, already depicted in old documents, who charge drunken patrons twice the number of drinks served – or even more – and demand payment for these quantities. Due to lack…

A metal piece used as a means of payment, the core of which is made of base metal, usually zinc, copper or brass. However, in commercial transactions, the coin is issued as a pure,…

The external value of a currency slips, and at the same time, or as a reaction to this, domestic share prices fall overall. – In economies with a high dependence on exports and imports,…

A monetary system in which – both gold and silver coins are introduced, and – in addition, a certain value ratio between the two precious metals is established by law. – In the absence…

In older documents, a fund at libraries into which the proceeds from the sale of books existing twice or more (doublets or possibly triplets, etc.) went. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright…

Generally old term for a money payment – one-time, to make someone willing to contract or to keep him in the contract (Haftgeld), – ongoing, to keep him faithful to the contract (observant: careful…

Important economic barometer in the U.S. since 1897. The index is based on a selection of share prices of leading companies traded on the Big Board, the New York Stock Exchange. – See stock…

Unless otherwise defined, this is understood to mean – a customary and therefore agreed or – of its own accord, voluntarily – made in advance – payment within the framework of a contractual relationship;…

In connection with personal loans (consumer loans), the time at the end of which a loan taken out must be repaid to the bank. In the U.S.A., the central bank can set this period…

In the context of a bank, this refers to its fixed customer base, which is usually located in a specific residential area and often spans generations, as in the case of cooperative banks and…

The contractual agreement that if the credit rating deteriorates, the creditor – usually the bank – is entitled to terminate the contract with the debtor or assign it to a third party (hedge fund,…

The downgrading of a company, fund or sovereign by a rating agency. Especially when downgrading highly indebted countries, the agencies were severely scolded and even publicly threatened. Justifiably, people compared this to demonizing the…

The public downgrading of a company or fund in its rating by a rating agency – international: currently still practically Standard & Poor’s, Moody’s or Fitch. – Each downgrade means that the credit conditions…

Abwärtsrisiko und Risiko aus einer Verschlechterung der Lage): The probability that the returns from an investment will be below expectations (returns are below the expectations). – For lenders (banks), the risk that the market…

In the financial sector, an institution that wants to achieve an optimal size of enterprise in terms of profit through measures such as – withdrawal from foreign branches, – abandonment of certain business areas…

A general slowdown in economic activity in an area, as indicated by economic indicators such as stock market prices, production, employment or foreign trade. – A standstill or even decline in gross domestic product…

The unexpected and rapid selling pressure on a stock on the stock exchange. Experience shows that this is primarily caused by a loss announcement by the company concerned. – The sudden sharp drop in…

Widely used Greek coin in antiquity, also minted in other regions, initially made of gold or silver, from the 5th century also of copper. – Old apothecary weight of different measure. – See Amalfiner,…

A bond issued in Asia that is denominated in USD. See bulldog bond, samurai bonds, shogun bonds. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without…

More must be paid for goods procured from abroad – especially for crude oil – which reduces purchasing power at home and thus, by definition, leads to inflation. – Monetary policy cannot be used…

The refund of duties paid – such as the tax on sugar – when the goods are sold abroad. – If the draw-back is higher than the amount actually paid, an export bonus is…

Earlier charge for driving on a (country) road with a carriage (cart), a toll for the use of a road. – Reimbursement of expenses for the coachman (carter, driver) when he had to stay…

A period of time specified by the bank for the purpose of liquidity planning, within which a customer is to dispose of a loan granted to him. – See drawdown risk, prepayment risk, prepayment…

A special procedure for the redemption of a bond within its term. A certain number of numbers of the issue in question is publicly called by drawing lots (random draw: an act of selecting…

The purchase of insurance against loss resulting from a bond being drawn below market value – say: 180 – and only at par – say: 100). – See drawing, drawing loss bond. Attention: The…

In older documents, a levy to pay the expenses of the three persons who made up a local court in some parts of Germany. Its function was – to settle small conflicts, – to…

Large German bank acquired by Commerzbank AG in January 2009. Exactly 137 years after its foundation, the bank had literally gambled away its existence. All reserves had been used up; the core capital ratio…

Payment to conductors and orchestra musicians, usually regulated by collective bargaining agreement (CH: gesamtarbeitsvertrag; collectively agreed), to reimburse expenses for typical professional clothing (such as the tailcoat (swallowtail)) worn at concert performances. – See…

In an institute, more or less binding regulations regarding the clothing of the employees in the front office area, sometimes also including the employees as a whole. – If these regulations go down to…

In the past, some of the shares issued by a drilling company were also listed on the stock exchange. These were companies that were prospecting for minerals, and in particular for metals, and which…

Income generated from the production of and trade in narcotics (drugs = here: illegal and regularly hurtful substances such as heroin, cocaine, LSD, or marijuana that people take for pleasure; addictive substances). – Sums…

Due to legal regulations, the – credit business may only be conducted by banks (commercial banks) and the – securities business may only be conducted by specialized companies (investment banks, broker banks). Universal banks…

Due to legal regulations, the – credit business may only be conducted by banks (commercial banks) and the – securities business may only be conducted by specialized companies (investment banks, broker banks). Universal banks…

The payment of the purchasers of the bond and the ongoing interest payments of the issuer are made in a different currency than the subsequent repayment of the bond amount at maturity (a bond…

A stock corporation whose shares are admitted to trading on one stock exchange seeks to introduce trading also on another – usually foreign – stock exchange or even on several stock exchanges (multiple listing).…

A stock, already traded on one exchange, is introduced on another exchange. – A broker executes customer orders and, on the same day, trades for his own account. – See stockbroker, dual sting, client…

Generally – and as a legal term from the Anglo-Saxon language since about 2000 more and more penetrated into the German language – said for the due diligence (= obligation to protect the interests…

In reference to the stock market in general or to individual sectors in particular, said of market conditions characterized by below-average turnover. – See attentism, bear market, crash, domino effect, graveyard market, rebound effect,…

Unless otherwise defined, all goods owned by private households that allow repeated use, such as automobiles and electric appliances. Residential real estate is generally not included in consumer durables; however, it is always important…

Generally, the period of time that an investor must wait, on average, to receive the returns from the investment, sometimes also called average period of capital commitment, economic run time, average maturity, average self-liquidation…

In Germany, Section 24c of the German Banking Act (KWG) requires banks to keep all customer master data and transaction data available for automated retrieval. Under the Interest Information Regulation (ZIV), which came into…

In states with a compulsory foreign exchange economy, the duty of all residents who receive foreign means of payment (also as a gift) to surrender them immediately to the appropriate authority. – See export…

In a monetary area such as the euro area, monetary policy is unified by a common central bank. However, fiscal policy remains within the sovereignty of the individual members. As experience has shown, this…