English

Personal levy that those liable to pay (Zinspflichtige; subjected to pay) had to pay to the authorities in cash. – Old tax in cash or kind paid by the tenant to the owner for…

Generally, the lending of money. – However, if someone lends an object which he has to return to the lender after use, this is a lending contract. – In financial terms, a transaction in…

In general, any loan secured by personal property and thus a special form of real credit. – In a narrower sense, a loan by a bank against pledging or security transfer of securities or…

When securities are sold on the customer’s account, the profit margin of the bank or dealer (broker) included in the price. – The difference between today’s rate of certain foreign currencies and the three-month’s…

Payment to be made in the event of default or breach of contract (breach of contract); also called contractual penalty, contractual penalty and convention penalty (a payment required for not fulfilling a contract). –…

Compensation paid by one contracting party to the other in order to reserve the right to withdraw from the contract; also called conversion money. It corresponds broadly to the premium in speculative transactions. –…

A form of safekeeping of securities by a bank that is less common today. In contrast to the usual custody of securities, in this case the depositor only has a contractual claim under the…

Earlier fee – for the removal from a register, a cancellation fee – sometimes, however, contrary to the meaning of the word in old documents, also related to the entry into a register. Attention:…

In old documents, the fee for the execution of a document by an authority. – Karnier (container, leather bag) = here: File deposit. – See chancery money. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by…

A one-time sum of money to be paid by a serf (villain) for release from serfdom, also called manumission money and ransom money. – Until well into modern times, money paid to Mohammedans to…

In earlier times, this was a tax imposed on the propertyless inhabitants of a village (citizens without full political rights; Insten, Einsassen, Inleute), who usually worked as day laborers (Tagner, Tauner, Losmann, Lidl, Diurnist,…

In earlier times, this was a tax imposed on the propertyless inhabitants of a village (citizens without full political rights; Insten, Einsassen, Inleute), who usually worked as day laborers (Tagner, Tauner, Losmann, Lidl, Diurnist,…

In the older financial language, the preliminary records (of a person active in the financial market) put down on paper, in which the transactions carried out on an ongoing basis are entered, to be…

In older financial terminology, lists published in specialist journals of securities that have been called or have been drawn but not yet presented for payment. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and…

Former name for the booking fee common in the financial world of the time, today called: activity fee, account maintenance charge. – A fee that used to be paid to the authorized official or…

In Germany, the older term for fixed-interest bearing debt securities. – Generally, payments to people no longer in the earning process. – See apanage, gilt, sustainability, pension, pension fund, annuity. – Cf. the Deutsche…

In older documents, payment to the carrier for transporting freight from the consignor to the consignee. – See freight, cartage. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for…

Monetary policy that is solely or predominantly geared to a specific target, in the case of the ECB practically to the EUR/USD exchange rate. – The ECB rejects such a commitment of its policy…

Older term for the legally required provision for future insurance benefits to be included in the balance sheet of insurance companies. The newer term is Sicherungsvermögen. – In the case of asset-backed bonds, from…

In the case of banks, the portfolio of financial instruments held – for short-term trading purposes (i.e., for resale) or – in the bank’s own portfolio for the purpose of generating a profit. Section…

The increase in returns from investments in a company is – assuming a perfect market – independent of the way in which these investments are financed. – See Modigliani-Miller theorem. – Cf. Deutsche Bundesbank…

A widely discussed assumption, particularly in older literature, that the issuer of a debt instrument (security) has already established the intention of the obligation by writing it down and signing it – for example,…

Unless otherwise defined – and also in statistics – the total finished and sold output of a plant during a given period. – See potential labor force, capacity utilization, infrastructure, capital stock, capacity utilization,…

Unless otherwise defined – and also in statistics – the total finished and sold output of a plant during a given period. – See potential labor force, capacity utilization, infrastructure, capital stock, capacity utilization,…

A popular mathematical formula used by central banks to improve forecasting quality when measuring inflation expectations. Values obtained from surveys are related to statistically obtained forecasts (data gained statistically). In this way, forecast errors…

A popular mathematical formula used by central banks to improve forecasting quality when measuring inflation expectations. Values obtained from surveys are related to statistically obtained forecasts (data gained statistically). In this way, forecast errors…

In general, the financial sector of the economy and society as a special part in the object of knowledge of theological science. – In particular – pastoral theology. This tries to offer instructions on…

In the financial world, a derogatory term for people – and especially for big-headed and egotistical politicians and complacent university teachers – who get themselves talked about with lectures and know-it-all suggestions. However, their…

In the financial world, a derogatory term for people – and especially for big-headed and egotistical politicians and complacent university teachers – who get themselves talked about with lectures and know-it-all suggestions. However, their…

Taxes levied by the state on households and firms are a premium, as it were, for the fact that the state protects the payers and enables them to earn income. – See equivalence theory.…

Short-term investments on the financial market can be converted into liquidity relatively easily and without price risks. In the case of long-term commitments, price risks also increase with increasing maturity. High liquidity and low…

In economics, money and credit (credit then being the generic term for all negotiable instruments) are basically seen as competing forms of investment. Any excess demand for money is equivalent to a supply surplus…

In older documents, a payment by a person for medical services rendered; fee for a healer (healing person, therapist: academically trained physician, surgeon, oculist, feldsher and others). Meisterei = here: medical healing treatment. –…

Measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to the passage of time. As a rule, the closer the exercise date approaches, the less an option is worth. Attention: The financial encyclopedia…

Measure of the sensitivity of the price of an option to the passage of time. As a rule, the closer the exercise date approaches, the less an option is worth. Attention: The financial encyclopedia…

In the language of German supervisory law, all countries that are not members of the European Union (EU) or the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA); see section 1, paragraph 5a and section…

Unofficial term for the apparent fact that, in addition to money supply (first pillar) and other measures (second pillar), the ECB also focuses on inflation expectations. – Among various approaches to measuring market participants’…

Unless otherwise defined, payments by social welfare authorities and health insurance funds in Germany to the third wife of a man living in Germany, insofar as marriage to three wives at the same time…

In the case of start-ups, the provision of capital after the company has entered the profit zone (area of profit, net income area), i.e. has passed the break-even point, and now requires further funds…

Regulatory term from Section 48 of the German Banking Act (KWG). Accordingly, this is the danger of bankruptcy as a result of insolvency of an institution if no measures are taken to change it.…

Regulatory term from Section 48 of the German Banking Act (KWG). According to this definition, a threat of system collapse exists if the existence of an institution is jeopardized and this has an impact…

Regulatory term from Section 48 of the German Banking Act (KWG). According to this definition, a threat of system collapse exists if the existence of an institution is jeopardized and this has an impact…

Three Level Three Committees – Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR), – Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) and – Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS). A joint working group of…

Three Level Three Committees – Committee of European Securities Regulators (CESR), – Committee of European Banking Supervisors (CEBS) and – Committee of European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Supervisors (CEIOPS). A joint working group of…

In the German banking business, the fact that – private banks, – savings banks and Landesbanken, which had a state guarantee until July 2005 but are still majority-owned by the public sector, and the…

Designation for the structure of the banking industry in Germany into – public-sector, – cooperative and – private-sector financial institutions. – In relation to Basel II, the three pillars are capital adequacy, supervisory review…

Money made available by the ECB in December 2011 and February 2012 to banks for three years – before that the maximum duration was only one year – as part of quantitative easing, with…

In the past, the wage for the professional, usually hired by the day, who beat the fruit out of the husks of the grain with the tool he brought with him – usually a…

Amount of liquidity provided, determined in advance by the central bank, at which a margin call is made. – Amount of a borrower’s liable capital above which a credit institution is required to obtain…

Amount of liquidity made available, determined in advance by the central bank, at which a margin call is made. – Amount of a borrower’s liable capital above which a credit institution is required to…

The – planned, voluntary refraining from spending currently available means of payment – sometimes also related to material goods (tangible goods, physical goods) – and – their resulting accumulation – for the purpose of…

The – planned, voluntary refraining from spending currently available means of payment – sometimes also related to material goods (tangible goods, physical goods) – and – their resulting accumulation – for the purpose of…

Federal teachers’ pension fund in the USA. Its management actively intervenes in the business practices – and in particular the level of executive pay and risk control – of companies worldwide that are represented…

Federal teachers’ pension fund in the USA. Its management actively intervenes in the business practices – and in particular the level of executive pay and risk control – of companies worldwide that are represented…

Market interest rate for short-term lending between first-class banks, calculated by the Japanese Bankers Association. There are two different TIBOR quotations, namely – Yen TIBOR, which refers exclusively to the unsecured Japanese money market,…

Market interest rate for short-term lending between first-class banks, calculated by the Japanese Bankers Association. There are two different TIBOR quotations, namely – Yen TIBOR, which refers exclusively to the unsecured Japanese money market,…

Another term for a price change limit introduced by the stock exchange (the maximum amount that the price of an exchange-traded item can fluctuate upward or downward). – In another sense, a tick is…

Another term for a price change limit introduced by the stock exchange (the maximum amount that the price of an exchange-traded item can fluctuate upward or downward). – In another sense, a tick is…

On the stock exchange, a system for transmitting prices; in the past by telex (ticker = teleprinter), today by electronic means. Stock tickers usually transmit real-time prices: without any time delay, the price of…

On the stock exchange, a system for transmitting prices; in the past by telex (ticker = teleprinter), today by electronic means. Stock tickers usually transmit real-time prices: without any time delay, the price of…

In transportation companies, the ability to – read the fare, – debit the amount, and – have the ticket printed by inserting a card. – See chip card, fare, wallet, electronic, cash card, cash…

In transportation companies, the ability to – read the fare, – debit the amount, and – have the ticket printed by inserting a card. – See chip card, fare, wallet, electronic, cash card, cash…

According to the definition of the Bank for International Settlements, which has been adopted by most supervisory authorities, – the core capital of a bank, consisting of share capital, open reserves and retained earnings…

According to the definition of the Bank for International Settlements, which has been adopted by most supervisory authorities, – the core capital of a bank, consisting of share capital, open reserves and retained earnings…

Defined for regulatory purposes for an institution as – net trading book profit plus – short-term subordinated debt plus – capped tier-2 capital, namely supplementary capital that is in principle eligible for recognition but…

See tier one collateral; the same applies to tier two collateral. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard…

See tier one collateral; the same applies to tier two collateral. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard…

level, tier): At the ECB, formerly a marketable or non-marketable asset for which the respective national central bank set the eligibility criteria, subject to the ECB’s approval. – In Germany, bills of exchange could…

Bank deposits that are made available to banks for a limited period of at least thirty days. – In the course of Basel II, these core deposits – also known in German as “Core…

Bank deposits that are made available to banks for a limited period of at least thirty days. – In the course of Basel II, these core deposits – also known in German as “Core…

For options, a position consisting of calls and puts with the same strike price. However, – the option with a nearer expiration date is sold, and – the option with a later expiration date…

For options, a position consisting of calls and puts with the same strike price. However, – the option with a nearer expiration date is sold, and – the option with a later expiration date…

On the exchange, the customer’s order to the broker to execute a transaction at a very specific time on a day (an order that is to be executed at a definite minute in the…

On the exchange, the customer’s order to the broker to execute a transaction at a very specific time on a day (an order that is to be executed at a definite minute in the…

The representation of the amounts and timing of all inflows and outflows from a capital project. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express…

The representation of the amounts and timing of all inflows and outflows from a capital project. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express…

A made-up word that entered the financial language in the wake of the bailouts around 2012, and each time meant derisively. – See bailout, blood toll, crisis management groups, creditor priority, Hypo Real Estate…

A made-up word that entered the financial language in the wake of the bailouts around 2012, and each time meant derisively. – See bailout, blood toll, crisis management groups, creditor priority, Hypo Real Estate…

A payment in cash as special recognition for a service (gratuity to be given in return for a service, beyond the compensation agreed on) and common especially in the hotel and restaurant industry. There…

A payment in cash as special recognition for a service (gratuity to be given in return for a service, beyond the compensation agreed on) and common especially in the hotel and restaurant industry. There…

Mint lords or unauthorized coin adulterators who melted down curant coins, added inferior metal (grist) to the precious metal (grain), and circulated the coins as evil money. – See alliage, doublé coin, money, evil,…

Generic term for all types of financial instruments, irrespective of their structure and distribution channel, such as stock exchange or private placement. – Often used as another term for papers. – Debt instrument. –…

Generic term for all types of financial instruments, irrespective of their structure and distribution channel, such as stock exchange or private placement. – Often used as another term for papers. – Debt instrument. –…

If in former times the pope appointed (created) a cardinal and assigned him a titular church – namely one of the churches in the city of Rome, – then the cardinal had conventionally for…

If in former times the pope appointed (created) a cardinal and assigned him a titular church – namely one of the churches in the city of Rome, – then the cardinal had conventionally for…

As a noun (gerund) – the issuance of bonds in rapid succession, as a result of which the supply of debt securities far exceeds investor demand (when investors get seriously diluted by subsequent rounds…

The levying of a tax of up to 0.5 percent on short-term foreign exchange transactions. According to a proposal by U.S. economist James Tobin, this was intended to stabilize the foreign exchange markets, i.e.…

The levying of a tax of up to 0.5 percent on short-term foreign exchange transactions. According to a proposal by U.S. economist James Tobin, this was intended to stabilize the foreign exchange markets, i.e.…

The combined market value of all the companies on the stock market should be about equal to their replacement costs. Tobin’s Q ratio is calculated by dividing the market value of assets by their…

The combined market value of all the companies on the stock market should be about equal to their replacement costs. Tobin’s Q ratio is calculated by dividing the market value of assets by their…

Securities – usually bonds – where the issuer has the choice either to pay cash interest or to issue new bonds in its place. It is like a payement-in-kind note with an option to…

Securities – usually bonds – where the issuer has the choice either to pay cash interest or to issue new bonds in its place. It is like a payement-in-kind note with an option to…

A means of payment that circulated for a certain period of time instead of central bank money, usually within certain geographical limits, especially in times of need: Today, it refers to a levy that…

Traditional Indian weight measure for precious metals, still widely used in Asia today. 1 tola = 11.6638 grams; bullions (bars, ingots) of 10 tolas are commercially available – see assay stamp, carat, troy ounce.…

Traditional Indian weight measure for precious metals, still widely used in Asia today. 1 tola = 11.6638 grams; bullions (bars, ingots) of 10 tolas are commercially available – see assay stamp, carat, troy ounce.…

Unless otherwise defined, the special tax (TAXA TOLERANTIALIS) formerly imposed on Jewish fellow citizens in Austria-Hungary. – See Charadsch, Schirmgeld, Schutzgeld, Tanzkonzessionsgeld. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be…

Unless otherwise defined, the special tax (TAXA TOLERANTIALIS) formerly imposed on Jewish fellow citizens in Austria-Hungary. – See Charadsch, Schirmgeld, Schutzgeld, Tanzkonzessionsgeld. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be…

Older term for – a charge in general and – in particular for a duty collected by the tollkeeper (Zöllner; tollkeeper). – Today used especially in the sense of a payment to be made…

In the freight forwarder business, a surcharge that is charged to the contracting party in addition to the carriage charge. The respective amount is usually based on the amount of the current road toll…

Unless otherwise defined, a foreign exchange swap transaction in which a currency is sold today and repurchased for the next day or vice versa (simultaneous buying and selling of a currency for delivery the…