For private-school pupils, the Human Opportunities Index (HOI) for Reading Proficiency Level 2 combines the share who attain that proficiency with the extent to which attainment differs between groups defined by family and regional circumstances. The groups are distinguished by the child’s gender, parents’ education, the school’s region, the father’s occupation and household assets. The index therefore reflects both the general level of reading achievement and inequality in access to the opportunity of reaching Level 2. Its value rises when attainment becomes more widespread or when disparities between circumstance groups narrow.
Source: World Bank Open Data (source). This glossary entry was independently prepared from the cited open-data metadata; changes were made.