For private-school students, the Human Opportunities Index (HOI) for Mathematics Proficiency Level 3 indicates whether access to that achievement is distributed fairly across social and demographic groups. The measure reflects both the proportion of students who reach the defined proficiency threshold and the extent to which attainment varies with circumstances beyond the student’s control. These circumstances comprise gender, parental education, the school’s region, the father’s occupation and household assets, captured through a wealth index. The HOI rises when more students attain Level 3, when attainment gaps between circumstance groups narrow, or when both occur. It thus separates the overall extent of mathematical proficiency from disparities in who has access to it.
Source: World Bank Open Data (source). This glossary entry was independently prepared from the cited open-data metadata; changes were made.