For public-school pupils, the Human Opportunities Index (HOI) for Mathematics Proficiency Level 3 combines the proportion attaining the benchmark with the extent to which attainment is associated with background conditions. The calculation distinguishes differences linked to gender, parental schooling, the school’s region, the father’s occupation and household assets. A high value may reflect broad achievement, limited disparities between these groups, or both. The indicator thus separates the level of educational attainment from inequality in pupils’ opportunities to reach the specified proficiency standard.
Source: World Bank Open Data (source). This glossary entry was independently prepared from the cited open-data metadata; changes were made.