Lemons problem (also used in German, but with different meanings; [lemon = here

a person or thing that proves to be sub-standard, defective, unsatisfactory: rivet, bottle, failure]): A bank serves many customers of inferior creditworthiness. – The management – more rarely said in terms of the staff as a whole – of a bank is composed of “bunglers in pinstriped suits”. In the Bochie (Teutonie = High German: Germany) and in the Helvetie (official name: Swiss Confederation), however, this does not occur at all. This is because there, only highly competent individuals who are best suited to their area of responsibility can rise to senior positions and even to board level. – See credit risk, commitment, customer, bad, boardroom coup, subprime lending. – Cf. ECB Monthly Bulletin, August 2009, p. 105 (banks do not pass on central bank interest rate changes so as not to attract lemon customers).
Steering tax: A tax with the main purpose (primary aim) of steering the behavior of companies and/or private households in a direction desired by the legislator. – In the financial sector, this includes, for example, the proposed burdening of short-term foreign exchange transactions with a tax of up to 0.5 percent. – The term is also often used to refer to the effects of existing taxes. For example, a stock exchange turnover tax – which also existed in Germany until 1991 – leads to transactions being shifted to stock exchanges abroad that do not impose a fiscal burden on turnover. – See rancor effect, leaning against the wind, speculation tax, Tobin tax.

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University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.
Professor Dr. Eckehard Krah, Dipl.rer.pol.
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