A special surcharge on the tax that, by Reich law of August 11, 1923, all income, corporate, and motor vehicle taxpayers had to pay after French and Belgian troops invaded the Ruhr. Due to outstanding reparations – under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany had to deliver 7 million tons of coal to France, 8 million tons to Belgium and 8.5 million tons to Italy for ten years, as well as certain quantities of benzene, coal tar, ammonium sulphate and other goods and 47,000 tons of gold – French troops occupied the Ruhr area between January 11 and 16, 1923. Between January 11 and 16, 1923, French and Belgian troops, initially 60,000 strong and later 100,000 strong, occupied the entire Ruhr area up to Dortmund. Temporarily, in the spring and summer of the same year, parts of the Bergisch industrial area were also occupied by French units. The Rhine-Ruhr levy was intended to make up for the revenue lost to the Reich government in Weimar and, at the same time, to raise funds to pay those laid off by the occupying forces in the occupied Ruhr. – See Dawes Bond, London Debt Conference, Reich Titles, Ruhr Money, Prosperity Index.
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