Generally, any declaration in which a debtor expresses his will to make a payment to a creditor. – The term “deed” is widely understood in traditional legal doctrine as a linguistic image consisting of material and writing (scripture), and therefore requires as a rule that the document be legible as a written document without technical aids. – Whether and to what extent other forms, such as a map, may be included in the term “debt instrument” is still disputed. Recently, however, the term “document” seems to be generally understood in a broader sense, namely as any kind of clearly presented and embodied human declaration of thought. – In English legal theory a document commonly is seen as a form of information; it could, therefore, be put ordinarily into an electronic form and stored in a computer as a file. – See Manzipation, Namenspapier, Übertragungsurkunde.
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