Financial markets

A free rider avoids gathering costly market information and bases investment decisions on others, imitating leaders without bearing the research cost.

Rough calculation means estimating general project expenses, especially the expected costs of an engagement on the financial market.

A seller's market occurs when demand exceeds supply, causing prices to rise according to the First Price Law. Related terms: market and oversold.

A venture capital company (UBG) acquires and manages venture capital investments, providing indirect market access for investors and companies.

Variance measures the dispersion of investment returns around their expected outcome and is used to assess the statistical risk of securities and portfolios.

Definition of “unknown, known unknowns” in financial jargon, including uncertain impacts on economic cycles, markets, and possible EMU defaults.

Learn how uncertainty differs from risk, affects economic decisions, and shapes central-bank analysis, household spending, and business investment.

Learn how disturbances in one financial market segment can affect others through behavioral changes and market nervousness, despite strict safeguards.

Learn the meaning of turnover in business accounting and financial markets, including sales over a period and individual transactions.

Learn what a transparency standard means and compare the Entry, General and Prime Standards on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

Learn what loss potential means in finance: the risk of incurring a loss in a transaction or exposure to the financial market.

Definition of expired orders in trading: orders unfilled by market close become void unless marked GTC or otherwise valid beyond the trading day.

Learn how central banks explain measures while withholding operational details to avoid misleading markets, illustrated by the ECB during the Greek crisis.