Univ.-Prof. Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec.A backup system provides an alternative means of continuing operations when the normal arrangement is disrupted. It can be used to preserve business activities, services, or infrastructure during outages or other interruptions, regardless of the technology, organisational model, or sector involved.
A BIC is an alphanumeric identifier assigned to a bank or other financial institution for use in payment and messaging activities. SWIFT administers the BIC registration system. Each identifier has an eight-character core, while three additional characters may be appended to identify a particular branch or organisational unit. The core identifies the institution, its country,… read more »
Balance of payments statistics show how an economy interacts financially with non-residents during a given period, covering relevant international receipts, payments and other transactions. They support assessment of external-sector developments, economic policymaking and comparisons across countries. Their compilation and presentation follow the internationally harmonised framework set out in the IMF's Balance of Payments and International… read more »
A cap is a rule that restricts how large a participant’s permitted activity or outstanding position may become in a payment or settlement arrangement. It may govern exposure in either direction, including amounts owed to or receivable from the system, and is determined under the arrangement’s governance and measurement methods.
BPM6 establishes internationally harmonized rules for measuring an economy’s external accounts. It covers cross-border flows, such as trade and financial transactions, as well as the foreign assets and liabilities recorded in the international investment position. Governments and central banks use these rules to produce comparable indicators of an economy’s external financial conditions.
The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) is the EU rulebook for preparing banks and certain investment firms for financial distress and addressing failures when they occur. It requires firms and authorities to plan for potential problems and gives regulators tools to stabilize or wind down a failing institution while limiting disruption to the wider… read more »
Capital accounts are a component of national or regional accounts that shows how an economy’s net worth changes through capital-related transactions. They connect net saving with net capital transfers and the net acquisition of non-financial assets, thereby indicating how available resources are used to build or acquire productive and other non-financial wealth. The account provides… read more »