English

Unless otherwise defined, public capital includes all assets owned by the state that – have a permanent value and – yield benefits for the general public. – See assets, physical assets, social capital. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr…. read more »

The requirement that, in the event of a loss at a bank, either – all employees in the active business area, i.e. not including those employed in merely administrative activities, such as janitor services, telephone exchange or plant security (protective service), or – executives above a certain rank in the hierarchy must contribute to covering… read more »

A portfolio or pool contains securities to which third parties have rights (the risk that clear titles become comingled [= mixed] with assets owned legally by a third party). – This became apparent in many cases in the course of the financial crisis that followed the subprime crisis. When special-purpose entities and funds in financial… read more »

Operational risk event that results in a loss to the bank. According to the list in Basel II, which is more exemplary and therefore not comprehensive of all events, these are in particular – fraud from within, – fraud from outside, – employment practices and security, – customers, products and business working practices, – interruption… read more »

The hardly rationally explainable but empirically well-documented fact that both private investors and companies are inclined to let losses run their course instead of drawing a painful line under the commitment at an early stage. – See memory, money grave, money swallower, head-in-the-sand behavior, million grave, financial psychology, myopia, torpedo capital, loss, incurred, waste watcher…. read more »

The risk of incurring a loss in a transaction, and especially in an exposure to the financial market. – See investment courage, defaveur, profit potential, risk taker, loss, expected. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr. Gerhard Merk, Dipl.rer.pol., Dipl.rer.oec…. read more »

In the event of a loss of twenty-five percent or more of liable capital, a bank in Germany must notify the supervisory authority without delay; see Sec. 24, Para. 1, № 5 KWG. Attention: The financial encyclopedia is protected by copyright and may only be used for private purposes without express consent! University Professor Dr…. read more »

Frequently used term, but with different conceptual content (denotation: the totality of things to which a term is applicable; the objects meant by “assets”). – All goods owned by – private households, and then in the older literature also called households, – enterprises, and then in relation to these also often called corporate capital and… read more »

Generally, the payment of a sum of money under a contractual agreement, especially said of employment contracts: salary, earnings, salary, pay. – The remuneration for services rendered by certain professions, such as lawyers (attorneys’ fees), physicians (doctors’ fees), authors (copyright fees), or artists: honorarium, fee, royalty; also called equivalent (aequivalent) in older literature. For banks,… read more »

In the case of financial products with income and/or expenses in future periods – such as an insurance contract – this refers to the determination of the present value (discounted value). – Contractually agreed cash flows are generally discounted to the point of valuation as expected values, taking into account a suitable risk premium. –… read more »